Formula 39 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 39 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Nov 5, 2014

Composition:
天麻鉤藤飲 tian ma gou teng yin 5g
柴胡清肝湯 Chai Hu Qing Gan Tang 2g
清瘟敗毒飲 Qing Wen Bai Du Yin 1.5g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
全蠍粉 quan xie powder 0.8g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.2g
火麻仁 huo ma ren 1.2g
玄參 xuan shen 1.5g
枳殼 zhi ke 0.8g
菖蒲(石) shichangpu 0.8g
大黃 da huang 0.2g
威靈仙 wei ling xian 1.2g
龍膽草 long dan cao 0.8g
蔓荊子 man jing zi 1.5g

Qing Wen Bai Du Yin 清瘟敗毒飲

Qing Wen Bai Du Yin (San)–clear Heat, detoxify, cool blood, drains Fire
Shi Gao (gypsum)…60-120g
Zhi Mu (radix anemarrhenae asphodeloidis)…6-12g
Gan Cao (radix glycyrrhizae uralensis)…3-6g
Dan Zhu Ye (herba lophatheri gracilis)…3-6g
Xi Jiao (cornu rhinoceri)…9-12g
Sheng Di Huang (radix rehmanniae glutinosae)…9-15g
Mu Dan Pi (cortex moutan radicis)…6-12g
Chi Shao (radix paeoniae rubrae)…6-12g
Xuan Shen (radix scrophulariae ningpiensis)…6-12g
Huang Lian (rhizoma coptidis)…6-12g
Huang Qin (radix scutellariae)…3-9g
Zhi Zi (fructus gardeniae jasminoidis)…6-12g
Lian Qiao (fructus forsythiae suspensae)…6-12g
Jie Geng (radix platycodi grandiflori)…3-6g
Indications:  severe Fire in the Qi and Xue levels. This formula is basically a combination of Bai Hu Tang, Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang, and Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, therefore one can understand it’s usage and power. 
Powerful high fevers and excessive thirst show Qi level Heat, headache and rashes with general malaise shows Fire toxin, irritability, various bleeding, and rashes show Heat in the Xue level.  T- dark red (lips are also dark red), P- rapid and thin or floating and large (if the Fire has penetrated but still partially remains in the superficial levels of the body).  If severe the patient may show delirious speech and altering of consciousness.
(Qing Wen Bai Du Yin - Yi Zhen Yi De http://tcm.health-info.org/formulas/singles/qing-wen-bai-du-yin-san.htm)
方名: 清瘟敗毒飲
來源: 疫疹一得
【製法用量】
生石膏50克(大劑6～8兩，中劑2～4兩，小劑8錢～1.2兩)  小生地15克(大劑6錢～1兩， 中劑3錢～5錢，小劑2～4錢)  烏犀角5克(大劑6～8錢，中劑3～4錢，小劑2～4錢)  真川連6克(大劑6～4錢，中劑2～4錢，小劑1～1.5錢)  梔子10克  桔梗10克  黃芩10克  知母10克  赤芍10克  玄參15克  連翹10克  竹葉10克  牡丹皮10克  甘草5克  
石膏煎十餘分鐘後，再入餘藥同煎；犀角磨汁和服，或研末，或先煎對入，分二次服。疫證初起，惡寒發熱，頭痛如裂，煩躁譫妄，身熱肢冷，舌刺唇焦，上嘔下洩，六脈沉細而數者用大劑，沉而數者用中劑，浮大而數者用小劑。
【功效】
清熱瀉火，涼血解毒。
【主治】
濕熱疫毒及一切火熱之證。氣血兩燔，高熱狂躁，心煩不眠，或神昏譫語，頭痛如劈，大渴引飲，咽痛乾嘔，發斑吐血，舌絳唇焦，脈沉細而數，或沉數，或浮大而數。
【方義】
本方為綜合《傷寒論》白虎湯、《外台秘要》引《小品方》之芍藥地黃湯、《外台秘要》引《崔氏方》之黃連解毒湯等三方加減而成。方中重用石膏合知母、甘草以清陽明之熱；黃連、黃芩、梔子三藥合用能瀉三焦實火；犀角、丹皮、生地、赤芍專于涼血解毒化瘀；連翹、玄參、桔梗、甘草清熱透邪利咽；竹葉清心利尿，導熱下行。諸藥合用，既清氣分之火，又涼血分之熱，是治療氣血兩燔的主要方劑。
【辨證要點】
若斑一出，加大青葉，并少佐升麻1.2～1.5克；大便不通，加生軍；大渴不已，加石膏、天花粉；胸膈遏鬱，加川連、枳殼、桔梗、瓜蔞霜。
【現代應用】
現用於流行性乙型腦炎、流行性腦脊髓膜炎、敗血症等表現為氣血兩燔症狀者。
(by 醫砭 http://yibian.idv.tw/fang/?fno=222)

Chai Hu Qing Gan Tang 柴胡清肝湯

Alternative Names:
Bupleurum Liver-Clearing Decoction
chai hu qing gan tang
chai hu ching kan tang
saiko seikan to
Saiko-seikan-tō
柴胡清肝湯
さいこせいかんとう
TJ80; TJ-80; TJ 80
chái hú shū gān wán
柴胡舒肝丸
Ingredients:
Dang Gui 當歸/ tangkuei, Chinese angelica root Radix Angelicae Sinensis [supports pregnancy]
Chai Hu 柴胡/ hare’s ear root, thorowax root, bupleurum Radix Bupleuri [caution]
Sheng Di Huang 生地黃/ Chinese foxglove root, rehmannia (fresh),Rehmannia root Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Chi Shao 赤芍/ red peony root Radix Peoniae Rubrae
Niu Bang Zi 牛蒡子/ great burdock fruit, arctium Fructus Arctii Lappae
Chuan Xiong 川芎/ Sichuan lovage root, cnidium, chuanxiong root Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Huang Qin 黃苓/ baical skullcap root, scutellaria, scute Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis [supports pregnancy]
Zhi Zi 梔子/ cape jasmine fruit, gardenia Gardeniae Fructus
Tian Hua Fen 天花粉/ trichosanthes root Radix Trichosanthis Kirilowii [don’t use if pregnant]
Gan Cao 甘草/ licorice root Radix Glycyrrhizae [caution]
Fang Feng 防風/ saposhnikovia root, ledebouriella root, siler Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae
Lian Qiao 連翹/ forsythia fruit Forsythiae Fructus
Adult Dosage:
At this dosage, your order will last approximately this long (?):
100 grams powder (capsules or powder): 8 to 25 days
200 grams powder (powder only): 19 to 56 days
This formula can be used to support health with or without symptoms. If symptoms are present, take 1 level teaspoon of the powder (8 capsules) three times daily. When symptoms are not present, take 1/2 level teaspoon (4 capsules), two times daily. Empty stomach is best for efficient absorption, but not essential.
<by EagleHerbs.com>
http://eagleherbs.com/buy/bupleurum-and-rehmannia-formula-chai-hu-qing-gan-tang-4193
方名: 柴胡清肝湯
來源: 一貫堂
【製法用量】
柴胡2錢  當歸1.5錢  芍藥1.5錢  川芎1.5錢  生地黃1.5錢  黃連1.5錢  黃芩1.5錢  黃柏1.5錢  山梔子1.5錢  連翹1.5錢  桔梗1.5錢  牛蒡子1.5錢  天花粉1.5錢  薄荷葉1.5錢  甘草1.5錢  
【功效】
疏肝清熱。
【主治】
肝膽經及三焦之實熱證。症見胸脅不舒，寒熱往來，口苦咽乾、咽痛或耳鳴、耳痛、皮膚搔癢、或婦人帶下陰癢、舌紅、苔黃膩、脈弦數或浮數。
【方義】
本方係溫清飲，加入散風熱之品而成，故此方具有和血疏肝清肝之功效，並可治實熱。尤治肝、膽經之火熱證。方中重用柴胡，取其疏肝之功，並領諸藥入肝經；用四物湯養血以柔肝，其中熟地易生地、取其清熱之功較強也。另用黃連解毒湯清熱解毒，治一切火熱之證；薄荷，連翹、牛蒡子、桔梗疏風清熱，解毒，利咽；栝蔞仁，清熱化痰，潤腸通便。諸藥合用，共成清肝解毒，散風除熱之功。
【辨證要點】
肝、膽、三焦經實熱證。
口苦咽乾。
寒熱往來。
苔黃膩。
脈弦數。
【加減】
肝邪風熱：加羌活、荊芥。
化膿性扁桃腺炎：加山豆根、射干、玄參。
惡寒發熱：加桑葉、菊花。
帶下陰癢：加敗醬草、苦參、蛇床子。
甲狀腺炎：加夏枯草。
【現代應用】
急慢性肝炎、皮膚炎、青春痘、腮腺炎、慢性扁桃腺炎、甲狀腺炎、神經官能症、頸淋巴結腫大、耳後淋巴腺炎、肋膜炎、陰道炎、尿道炎、中耳炎。
<醫砭 http://yibian.idv.tw/about/?mn=guiyaozi>

xuan shen 玄参

Pharmaceutical name 英文药名：Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis
Biological name 拉丁學名：Scrophularia mingpeonsis Hemsl.
Common Name 英文名：ningpo figwort root, scrophularia
Other Names 別名：
yuan shen, hei shen, hei xuan shen
元参，黑参，黑玄参。
Distribution 分佈：
Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan
浙江，湖北，江蘇，江西，四川。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
salty, sweet, bitter, cold
味﹕鹹﹐ 甜﹐苦。性﹕寒
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕
kidney, lung stomach
腎﹐肺﹐胃
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
cooling blood, promote yin, rid of toxin and heat,and soothing the throat.
清熱解毒，滋陰除煩，利咽喉 。
Medical Function 藥理﹕
1. Effect on heart and blood vessels: lower blood pressure due to vasso-dilation, especially in renal hypertension.
2. Anti bacterial effect:
3. Effect on concentration of blood sugar
4. Anti inflammatory effect
5. Sedative effect
6. Anti-pyretic
1. 擴張血管
2. 抗菌
3. 降低血醣
4. 抗炎
5. 解熱
6. 鎮靜
Chemical ingredients 化學成份：
harpagoside, harpagide, aucubin, 6-methylcatapol, ningpogoside A, B, mingpogenin scropoliside A, angoroside, trace amount of evaporing oil, glucose,  oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, carotene and saponins.
Dosage per day 每日用量﹕9 to 30 g
Samples of formulae 處方舉例：
1. For infection with high fever, red tongue, & thirst: xuan shen, sheng di huang, mai dong, jin yin hua, lian qiao and huang liang. Boil with water to make tea.
2. For habitual constipation: xuan shen 15 g, dang gui 14 g, tian hua fen 15 g, lai fu zi 30 g. Make into powder. Take 6 g each time, 3 times a day. 10 days is one treatment.  Result: among 96 patients, using 1 to 3 treatments, 86 were healed; 7 were effective and 3 were not effective.
3. For cold with sore throat
1. 感染而有高熱，舌紅，口渴：玄参，生地黄， 麥東 ， 金銀花， 連翹，黄連。.水 煎服。
2. 長期便秘：玄参15 g, 當歸 14 g, 天花粉 15 g, 萊菔子30 g。共為末。每次服6 g。每天3次。十日為一療程。 療效：96病例。用1～3療程。86痊愈。7例 有效。3例無效。
3. 感 冒喉痛
Cautions禁忌：
not to use in cases of spleen or stomach dampness without heat (huo) , or diarrhea due to pixu.
Some sources mentioned that xuan shen is incompatible with huang qi, gan jiang, da zao, li lu, ku shen and shan zhu yu.
li lu, ku shen and xuan shen may trigger irregular heart rate. The combinations of the herb may intensify the effect.
脾虛泄瀉者或寒濕而無火者忌用。
藜蘆，苦參及玄參三者均易引致心律失常，血壓下降等反應，配伍應用可能增強毒性作用。
(by Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

wei ling xian 威靈仙

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名：Radix Clematidis
Biological name 拉丁學名：Clematis chinensis Osbeck (威靈仙)/ Clematis terniflora DC. var. mandshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi (東北鐵線蓮)/ Clematis hexapetala Pall., (綿團鐵線蓮, 黑薇, 山蓼.)/ Clematis uhcinata Champ. (柱果鐵線蓮)/ Clematis manshurica Rupr. (東北鐵線蓮)
Common Name 英文名：clematis
Other Names 別名﹕tie pi wei ling xian 鐵皮威靈仙﹐shan mu tong 山木通﹐ling xian 靈仙, tie jiao wei ling xian 鐵腳威靈仙。
Distribution 分佈：
Clematis uhcinata Champ. ex Benth.is being used in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangx provinces of China.
Clematis hexapetala Pall. is being used in northeastern provinces, northern provinces, and Shandong Jiangxu provinces.
Clematis manshurica Rupr is being used in northeastern provinces.
柱果鐵線蓮 又名老虎師藤，使用於廣東、廣西、貴州、四川、福建、浙江、江西。
山蓼 又名綿團鐵線蓮、黑薇。使用於東北、華北、山東、江蘇。
東北鐵線蓮使用於東北。
Properties (characteristics) 性味：
acrid, salty, warm, slightly bitter, mildly toxic.
味辛咸, 微苦, 溫﹐有小毒.
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經:
bladder, liver
膀胱﹐肝
Actions & Indications 主治：
for rheumatoid arthritis, gouts, pain in the lower back and limbs, strokes, headaches, rids of phlegm, promotes urination, helps
menses, for treatment of deeply lodged fish bones in the throat, tonsillitis, tetanus, and beriberi.
風濕，痛風，腰膝四肢疼痛，中風，頭風， 消痰涎 ， 利尿 ， 通經 ， 魚骨鯁喉 ， 扁桃體 炎 ， 破傷風 ， 腳氣 。
Medical Function 藥理:
1. increases bile secretion and relaxes the muscles of the bile tract.
2. anti-malaria
3. lowers blood pressure
4. promotes urination
5. relieves pain.
1. 增進膽汁分泌與使膽管的肌肉放鬆。
2. 抗瘧疾
3. 降血壓
4. 利尿
5. 止痛
Chemical Ingredients/ 化學成份:
Clematis manshurica/ 東北鐵線蓮--
isoferulic acid/ 異阿魏酸
clematoside A,  B, C/ 鐵線蓮甙 A,B,C
3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid/ 3,4-二甲氧基桂皮酸
3-O-acetyloleanolic acid/ 3-O-乙酰齊墩果酸
D-mannitol/ D-甘露醇
daucos-terol/ 胡蘿卜甙
β-sitosterol/ β-谷甾醇
Root contains 根中含:
minecoside / 米內甙
catalpol/ 梓醇
6-O-veratrylcatalpolester/ 6-O-藜蘆基梓醇酯
aucubin/ 桃葉珊瑚甙
6-deoxy-8-isofer-uloylharpagide/ 6-去氧-8-異阿魏酸哈帕甙
β-sitosteryl3-O-D-glucoside/ β-谷甾醇-3-O-D-葡萄糖甙
campesteryl3-O-D-glucoside/ 菜油甾醇3-O-D-葡萄糖甙
β-sitosterol/ β-谷甾醇
campesterol/ 菜油甾醇
stigmasterol/ 豆甾醇
mannitol/ 甘露醇
Seeds contain 種子含：
palmitic acid/ 棕櫚酸
stearic acid/ 硬脂酸
oleic acid/ 油酸
linoleic acid/ 亞油酸
Clematis chinensis 威靈仙--
anemonol/ 白頭翁腦
protoanemonin/ 原白頭翁腦,（原白頭翁素,原銀蓮花素）
prosapogenine/ 次皂苷元
aristolochic acid/ 馬兜鈴酸
Dosage 用量﹕6 - 12 g
Cautions 禁忌：
Not to be used in cases of qixu (qi deficient) and blood deficient or during pregnancy.
Large dosages and/or long term usage can be toxic to kidneys.
大劑量或長期服用可能對腎臟有毒因為本品含兜鈴酸。氣虛﹐血虛體弱者，或懷孕者忌用。
Note: [n] for bibliography consult Research Librarian
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)

long dan cao 龍膽草

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕Radix Gentianae longdancao
Biological name 學名﹕Gentiana scabra Bge/ Gentiana   triflora Pall., 三 花 龍 膽/ Gentiana manshurica Kitag/ Gentiana regescens Fransh/ Gentiana arisanensis Hayata 阿里山龍膽
Other Names 別名﹕long dan 龍膽/ long cao 膽草/ ku dan 苦膽/ ling you 陵游/ guan yin cao 觀音草
Common Name 常用英文名﹕gentiana
Distribution 分佈﹕
throughout China: Northeastern provinces (Manchuria), Anhui, Jingjiang of Jiangsu,Shandong. Those produced in Huzhou of Zhejiang is deemed best.
全中國﹐ 尤其在東北﹐ 安徽﹐ 江蘇﹐ 山東。 浙江湖州產 的一般認為品質較佳。
Properties (characteristics) 性味：bitter, cold, non toxic 苦寒無毒
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕gallbladder, liver, stomach/ 肝 ﹐膽﹐膀胱
Actions & Indications 用途﹕
expels damp heat from liver and gallbladder channels with symptoms of high fever and seizures, red swollen sore throat and eyes, swollen and painful ears or sudden loss of hearing,  boils in mouth and tongue, hepatitis with jaundice, vaginal discharge, damp and itchy groln area, cystitis, inflammation of the urethra, boils on skin, feverish malaria, chronic gastritis, eczema, conjunctivitis, hypertension with dizziness and tinnitus, malaria, and herpes zoster.
高熱驚厥，目赤咽痛，口舌生瘡， 濕熱黃疸，帶下，陰部濕癢，膀胱炎，尿道炎，疥瘡，瘧疾發熱，慢 性胃黏膜炎，皮膚濕疹﹐血壓高兼頭暈耳鳴﹐帶狀庖疹。
Medical Function 藥理﹕
1. Decoction of long dan cao inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa﹐ Proteus species, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureaus, certian skin fungi and Leptospirosis.
2. Anti-inflammation.
3. sedative effect
4. muscle relaxing effect
5. Small amount taken half hour before meals can stimulate the digestive system and promotes bile, hydrochloride acid and other digestive enzymes secretion; thus promotes appetite. If taken after meals causes the secretion of digestive juices to go down. If large amount  is taken, it interferes with digestion, sometimes creates headache and dizziness.
6. lowers ALT, choleretic effect; and protects liver from damage
7. anti-oxidant effect [1]
8. anti-tuberculosis [2]
9. inhibits production of melanin
1. 龍膽煎劑對綠膿桿菌 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) ﹐變形桿菌（Proteus species） ﹐傷寒桿菌 (Salmonella typhi)﹐金黃 色葡萄 球菌（Staphylococcus aureaus） ﹐某些皮膚真菌及鈎端 螺絲體 (Leptospirosis) 等 ，均有 一定的抑制作用；
2. 抗炎作用﹔
3. 鎮靜作用﹔
4. 使肌肉鬆弛作用﹔
5. 龍膽草少量飯前口服 ，可反 射性增強胃液分泌，並能增加游離酸，有助消化，增進食慾。如飯後服食則會使消化液體分泌下降。大劑量影響消化有時可致頭暈﹐頭痛。
6. 保肝降低谷丙轉氨脢 ﹐ 與保護肝臟﹐利膽作用。
7. 抗氧化作用
8. 抗肺結核病作用
9. 阻擋角質細胞傳遞產生黑色素訊息到黑色素母細胞，阻斷黑色素的生成。 
Chemical ingredients 化學成份﹕
gentiopicrin C16H25O 1/2 H20/ 龍胆苦甙
gentianose C18H32O16/ 龍膽三醣
swertiamarin/ 獐牙菜苦甙
gentisin/ 龍胆酮
gentiobiose/ 龍膽二糖
gentisic acid/ 龍胆酸
Dosage 用量﹕
03 to 3 g per day as decoction or powder form
一日量﹕0.3 ~ 3 克﹐水煎或作粉劑。
Samples of formulae 複方樣本:
to strengthen digestive system--
1. long dan cao 2 g, da huang 1 g, huang bai  1 g, water 400 c.c. Simmer till 150 c.c. Make into 3 serving per day. (source: He Han Yao Ying Yong Fang)
2. long dan cao powder 0.5 g, huang bai  powder 0.5 g, sheng jiang powder 0.3 g, hui xiang powder 0.3 g, ji nei jin powder 0.5 g, burnt shan zha powder 1 g, gui zhi powder 0.3 g, mix together.  Make into 3 servings per day.
治胃弱--
1. 龍膽草2克 ， 大黃 1克 ，黃 柏 1 克﹐ 水400公 撮，煎至150公 撮，一日三回分服。
2. 龍膽草末0.5克 ，黃 柏末0.5克 ，生薑末0.3克 ， 桂 枝 末0.3克 ，茴香末0.3克 ，雞內金末0.5克 ，山查炭末1克 ，以上混和，一日三回分服。（和漢藥應用方）
Cautions 禁忌﹕
not to use in case of diarrhea due to pixu (spleen deficient) . Be careful not to use gui jiu by mistake. Gui jiu is a poisonous herb for cancer treatment.
脾虛﹐便溏及非實火症忌用.
注 意﹕龍膽草與鬼臼的形狀相似。鬼臼是用 來治癌症。有毒。
Notes: 
[1] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jan 15;1389(2):81-90. Isoorientin-6"-O-glucoside, a water-soluble antioxidant isolated from Gentiana arisanensis.Ko FN, Chu CC, Lin CN, Chang CC, Teng CM.
Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
[2] Zhong Yao Tong Bao. 1985 Dec;10(12):33-4.
[Antituberculous constituents of Gentiana rhodantha]
[Article in Chinese], Liu YW.
(by Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

Formula 38 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 38 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Sep 24, 2014

Composition:
天麻鉤藤飲 tian ma gou teng yin 4g
炙甘草湯 zhi gan cao tang 2g
葛根黃連黃岑湯 ge gen huang lian huang qin tang 2g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
全蠍粉 quan xie powder 0.8g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.2g
木香 mu xiang 0.8g
火麻仁 huo ma ren 1.2g
牛膝(懷) huai niu xi 0.8g
杜仲 du zhong 1g
枳殼 zhi ke 0.8g
菖蒲(石) shichangpu 0.8g
大黃 da huang 0.1g
蔓荊子 man jing zi 1.5g

Recent prescription 20141113

du zhong 杜仲

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis
Biological name 學名﹕
Eucommia ulmoide Oliv.
Parabarium spp. and Euonymus spp. are also used as substitutes for this  herb
Common Name 英 文普通名﹕eucommia bark
Other Name 別名 ﹕si lian pi 絲連皮，che si pi 扯絲皮，si mian pi 絲棉皮，yu xi pi 玉絲皮，si zhong 思仲
Distribution 分佈 ﹕
western part of Henan, southern part of Shaanxi, eastern part of Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, and some scattered part of Hunan.
河南西部，陜西南部，甘肅東部，四川，貴州，湖北，湖南亦都有零星分 佈。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
sweet, slightly acrid, and warm
甘，略辛，溫 。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕
liver and kidney channels
入肝，腎經。
Actions & Indications 功用﹕
Tonic for liver and kidney; strengthening  muscles and bones; and stabilizing pregnancy
1. use in liver and kidney deficiency: chronic pain in lower back and knees, lack of strength, dizziness, impotence, irregular menses and frequent urination.
2. use in weakness during pregnancy, unstable pregnancy, chronic pain in lower back and excessive movements of fetus.
3. use in hypertension
補 肝 腎，強筋骨，安胎。
1. 用於肝腎不足，腰膝疼痛，乏力，眩暈，陽痿，月經不調 ﹐小便頻數等症。
2. 用於孕婦體虛，胎元不固，腰痠，胎動。
3. 用於血壓高
Medical Function 藥理 ﹕
1. effect on circulatory system
2. effect on immune system
3. anti inflammatory effect
4. sedative and anesthesia effect
5. effect on stress
6. effect on uterus
7. diuretic  effect
8. anti-aging effect
9. lowering blood pressure effect.
10. antibiotic effect:.it can inhibit Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis
11. 對血液循環作用
12. 對免疫作用
13. 抗炎作用
14. 鎮靜止痛作用
15. 抗心理壓力作用
16. 排水作用
17. 抗老作用
18. 降血壓作用
19. 抗菌作用：杜仲水煎劑對結核桿菌，福氏痢疾桿菌，大腸桿菌， 綠膿桿菌，金黃色葡萄球菌，肺炎球菌，炭疽桿菌等有明顯抑制作用
Chemical ingredients 化學成份﹕
1. (1)[(+) -pinoresinol O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside], [+ - pinoresinol di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside] [1], (pinoresinol di-beta-D-glucoside) [2], [+) -1-hydroxypinoresinol 4', 4" - di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][3,8],[(+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol 4'-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][4], [(+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol 4"-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][4,8],[(+)-epipinoresinol][9].
(2)  [liriodendrin, (+) -syringaresinol-di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][1], [(+)-syringa resinol  O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][3], (syringylglycerol-Beta-syringaresinol ether 4", 4'"-di-O-Beta-Dglucopyranoside0[6,8], [(+)-syringaresinol monoglucoside][9], (syringin)[7].
(3) [- -olivil 4', 4"-di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][3], [(-) -olivil], [(+)-cyclo-olivil][4], [(-) -olivil 4'-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside], [(-) -olivil 4"-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][5], [(-) -olivil 4', 4"-di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][8].
(4)Medioresinol (+) -Medioresinol di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside [1,8], Eucommin A[(+) -medioresinol 4'-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside][3.8], (+) -Medioresinol monoglucoside [9], Hedyotol C 4", 4'"-di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside (guaiacylglycerrol-Beta-medioresinol ether 4", 4'" di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside)[5, 8].
(5) (cpmoferom)[7], (dehydrodiconife4ryl alcohol-4, gamma'-di-O0betta-D-glucopyranoside[6,8]
erytho-dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, threo-dihydroydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol.
2. eucommiol [10,11], eucommioside [11], eucommioside-I [8,12]
Dosage 用量﹕
12  to 15 g in decoction.
12 ~ 15 克， 煎服。
Samples of formulae 處方舉例 ﹕
- du huo ji sheng tang 獨活寄生湯
- tian ma gou teng yin 天麻鉤藤飲
- you gui wan  右歸丸　
- gu shen an tai yin 固腎安胎飲
Modern Usage 現代應用﹕
1. for rheumatoid arthritis
2. for sciatica
3. for hypertension
1. 風濕性關節炎
2. 坐骨神經痛
3. 血壓高
Cautions禁忌﹕
Not suitable for  patients with yinxu (yin deficient) with heat.
According to Ben Cao Jing Shu, this herb is not suitable for those who are kidney deficient with high heat. If to use it, it should be used with huang bai and zhi mu.
陰虛火旺者不宜。
《 本草經疏 》︰" 腎虛火 熾者不宜用。即用當與黃 柏 ，知 母同入。"
[n] see Research Librarian
(by Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

mu xiang 木香

mu xiang 木香
Qing mu xiang （青木香）a wrong substitute, belongs to Aristolochia family, which is toxic to the kidneys.
Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕Radix Aucklandiae
Botanical name 學名﹕Aucklandia lappa Deene/ Saussurea lappa Clarke/ Inula racemosa, Hook fil (土木香，藏木香)/ Aucklandia costus, Falk
Other Names 別 名﹕
guang mu xiang (orginally those that imported from India and came through Guangdong province), yun mu xiang (those grown in Yunnan province)
廣木香(原為印度產木香﹐經廣東入口)﹐雲木香(於雲南種植的木香)
Common Name 英文名﹕costus root.
Distribution 產地﹕mainly in Yunnan, also in Sichuan and Tibet/ 主產於云南。四川﹐ 西藏也有生產。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕acrid, bitter, warm/ 辛﹐苦﹐溫。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕gallbladder, large intestine, spleen, stomach/ 膽﹐大腸﹐脾﹐胃。
Medical functions 藥理﹕
anti fungus
improves movements of digestive tract, relieves flatulence and pain.
anti HBV antigen[1]
抗真菌
促進胃腸蠕動，緩解胃腸氣脹疼痛
抗乙型肝炎病毒，
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
flatulence and pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, vomiting caused by weak digestion. For bronchitis, digestive tract infection: yeast infection, dysentery, and lack of appetite.
氣滯胸腹脹痛，霍亂吐瀉，痢疾 ，裏急後重，慢性胃腸炎 (細菌或真菌感染)，支氣管炎﹐食慾不振。
Chemical ingredients 化學成份--
Evaporating oil 揮發油：
Aplotaxene/ 雲木香烯 (單紫杉烯)
(+)-β-costol/ (+)-β-木 香醇
Dehydrocostus lactone/ 脫氫木香內酯
Dihydrodehydrocostus lactone/ 二氫脫 氫木香內酯
α- ionone/ α- 紫 羅蘭酮
β-selnene/ β-芹子烯
saussure alactone/ 風毛菊內酯
Costic acid/ 木香酸
Castunolide/ 木香烯內酯
β-costene/ β-木香烯 (α- 木 香烴)
α- costene/ α- 木 香烯 (α- 木 香烴)
β-elemene/ 欖香烯
β-selinene/ 芹子烯
Dihydrocostunolide/ 二氫木香內酯
Costus lactone/ 木香內酯
Friedelin/ 無羈帖
terpenoids type essential oil/  烯帖類精油
Organic ingredients 有機成份：
Palmitic acid/ 棕櫚酸
Linderic acid/ 天台烏藥酸
Also contains 另含：
calcium oxalate/ 草酸鈣
Dosage 用 量﹕3 ~ 10 g.
Samples of formulae 處方舉例﹕
xiang sha liu jun zi tang 香砂六君子湯
gui pi tang  歸脾湯
Toxicity & Cautions 毒素與禁忌﹕
Beware of using the wrong substitute,  qing mu xiang (root of ma dou ling) (Aristolochia delibis Sieb.) is toxic for the kidneys.
Do not use mu xiang in cases of yinxu (yin deficient) condition.
Allergic reaction: mild abdominal pain, itchiness, tightness in chest
area, and diarrhea.
青木香有毒﹐為 馬兜鈴之根﹐對腎 臟有大毒。不可用。
陰虛， 津液不足 者 慎服木香。 不良反應包括：輕微腹痛，發痒，胸悶，腹瀉。
Note: [1] Antiviral Res. 1995 May;27(1-2):99-109.
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)

ge gen huang qin huang lian tang 葛根黃芩黃連湯

ge gen huang qin huang lian tang 葛根黃芩黃連湯
ge gen qin lian tang 葛根芩連湯
(ge gen huang qin huang lian tang)
By: Joe Hing Kwok Chu

Name of Formula: ge gen qin lian tang (shang han lun)
Application: diarrhea, dysentery, hot and thirsty, arrhythmia, protects against lack of oxygen.
Composition:
ge gen 15 g﹐huang qin 9 g﹐huang lian 9 g﹐zhi gan cao  5 g。
Make into decoction and use as tea.
方名﹕ 葛根芩連湯 (葛根黃芩黃連湯) (傷寒論)
葛根 15 克﹐黃芩 9 克﹐黃蓮 9 克﹐炙甘草  5 克。
水煎服。
主解表清裏，清熱解毒。降低心跳速率﹐抗心率不整及抗缺氧。
主治﹕腹瀉﹐痢疾﹐身熱煩渴等症。

<Wind Heat - Heat>
Ge Gen Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang 葛根黃芩黃連湯
Kudzu, Coptis, and Scutellaria Decoction
Function: releases exterior, clears Heat
Composition:
Ge Gen Radix pueraria 15-24g
Huang Qin Radix scutellariae 9g
Huang Lian Rhizome coptidis 6g
Zhi Gan Cao Honey fried radix glycyrrhizae uralensis 6g
Indications: Wind heat with internal middle jiao heat and LI heat and damp causing dysentery.  It is a taiyang and yangming disease where the exterior has not been completely released and the interior shows excess Heat (with possible dampness).  This may be caused by treatment of an exterior invasion with purgatives which sends the pathogen deeper into the yangming causing fetid diarrhea with a burning anus.  There will be fever and sweating, thirst, T- red with yellow coat, P- rapid, because of the internal Heat, with irritability and a sensation of Heat in the chest. One may also see wheezing.  It is said that this condition is 7/10 interior and 3/10 exterior, hence the concentration on the interior Heat.
Huo xiang zheng qi san may be used in this case if the Heat is not as severe and there is a greater presence of Damp.   Bai tou weng tang may be combined with the ge gen qin lian tang if dysentery is more severe.
References: Shang Han Lun

Formula 37 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 37 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Aug 13, 2014

Composition:
天麻鉤藤飲 tian ma gou teng yin 4g
半夏白朮天麻湯 ban xia bai zhu tian ma tang 2.5g
炙甘草湯 zhi gan cao tang 2g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
全蠍粉 quan xie powder 0.8g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.2g
大黃 da huang 0.1g
火麻仁 huo ma ren 1.2g
枳殼 zhi ke 0.8g
桑枝 sang zhi 0.9g
菖蒲(石) shichangpu 0.8g
蔓荊子 man jing zi 1.5g
薑黃 jiang huang 1.2g

sang ye 桑葉， sang bai pi 桑白皮， sang zhi 桑枝

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕Folium Mori Albae
Botanical name 學名﹕
Morus alba L.
Morus bombycis, Koidz.;
Morus australis Poir.;
Morus multicaulis,  
Other Names 別名﹕dong sang ye 冬桑葉
Common Name 英文名﹕white mulberry leaf
Distribution 產地﹕throughout China
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
bitter, sweet, cold.
味苦，甘，寒。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕
lung, liver
歸肺﹐肝二經。
Medical functions 藥理﹕
(1) After being consumed, the rich fibre of sang ye will be released. It slows down the absorption of monosaccharide in the stomach and lower the blood sugar after meals. It also helps maintain the health body weight.
(2) According to Tokyo Agriculture and Industry University of Japan, rats with type I diabetes, after being fed with sang ye, the symptoms of diabetes obviously decreased by 5%. This shows that eating sang ye can prevent and slow down the formation of diabetes. Another study by an institute of nutrition and insect research and by South Korean Qing Xi (慶熙) University, the weight and blood sugar of those who ate sang ye became lower.
(1) 食用時，其豐富的纖維被釋出，有助於延緩胃部對單糖的吸收，使得進餐後的血糖值降低，亦有助於健康體重的維持。
(2) 日本東京農工大學的研究顯示，糖尿病一型的老鼠在餵食桑葉後，糖尿病症狀明顯減少5%，這結果表明，食用桑葉可能有助於防止和減緩糖尿病的形成；另一個由國家養蠶和昆蟲研究所和南韓慶熙大學主持的抗糖尿病實驗顯示，食用桑葉粉者體重和血糖都明顯下降。
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
for treatment of:
1. common cold and influenza with feng re (wind heat type syndrome)
2. dizziness and blurry vision due to liver yang ascending ;
3. beriberi and edema;
4. vomiting blood.
Normally it is use in raw form. In cases of cough due to lung heat, use the those that have been baked with honey.
主治
1. 外感風熱﹐
2. 肝陽上亢之頭暈目眩﹐
3. 除腳氣水腫
4. 吐血
一般多生用，若肺熱咳宜蜜炙用
Chemical ingredients 化學成份﹕
rutin/ 芸香甙
quercetin/ 槲皮素
isoquercitrin/ 異槲皮甙
morocetin/ 桑甙
moracetin，quercetin-3-Triglucoside/ 槲皮素-3-三葡萄糖甙，
astraglin/ 黄芪黄酮
inokosterone/ 牛膝甾酮
ecdysterone/ 脫皮甾酮
β-sitosterol/ β-穀甾醇
umbelliferone/ 繖形花內酯
scopolin/ 東莨菪甙
α-，β-hexenal/ α-﹐β- 已烯醛
trigonelline/ 葫蘆巴鹼
vitamin B1﹐B2﹐C，E/ 維生素 B1﹐B2﹐C，E
trace amount of essential oil/ 微量揮發油
inorganic compound/ 無機成分
sugar/ 糖類
protein/蛋白質
tannin/ 鞣質
Dosage 用量﹕3 to 9 g/ 3 ~ 9 克
Samples of formulae 處方舉例﹕
1. For and flu with fever, headache, cough, pain in the throat:
    Name of Formula: sang ju yin 桑菊飲
2. For cough and dry throat due to heat in the lungs,
    Name of Formula: Sang xin tang  (Xue Sheng Bai - Wen Bing Tiao Bian)
    Composition: sang ye 3 qian, xin ren 2 qian, bei mu 2 qian, sha shen 2 qian, xiang shi 1 qian, zhi zi 1 qian.
Make into decoction and drink while warm.
Note: qian = 3.75 g (old measurement)
(1)治外感風熱﹐發熱﹐頭痛﹐咳嗽﹐咽痛:
桑菊飲 (薛生白-溫病條辨):
桑葉三錢﹐菊 花三錢﹐杏仁二錢﹐桔 梗二錢﹐連翹二錢﹐薄荷一錢﹐蘆根二錢﹐  甘 草二錢，水煎服.
(2) 治燥熱傷肺之咳嗽﹐咽乾等證
桑杏湯 (溫病條辨):
桑葉三錢﹐杏仁三錢﹐貝母二錢﹐沙參二錢﹐香豉一錢﹐梔子一錢水煎服.
Modern Research 現代研究﹕
decoction of fresh sang ye possesses the inhibiting effect on Staphylococcus aurcus,  β-Hemolytic streptococcus and many other kinds of bacteria in vitro. Consuming the decoction can inhibit Leptospira interrogans.
鮮桑葉煎劑體外試驗對金黃色葡萄球菌, 乙型溶血性鏈球菌等多種致病菌有抑制作用，煎劑有抑制鉤端螺旋體的作用。
Note 附註：
sang bai pi
sang bai pi,  is the bark. I
Application: being used for getting rid of the
heat in the lung to calm down wheezing.
Characteristics: sweet, cold.
Channel (meridian) entered: lung
Dosage:  6～12 g
桑白皮
桑白皮是桑的根皮。
功能主治：瀉肺平喘。
性味：甘，寒。
歸經：肺。
用量： 6～12 克。
sang zhi 桑枝：
Sang zhi is the young branches.
Application: for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,
being used in pain and numbness of shoulders, arms and joints.
Characteristics: slightly bitter, neutral.
Channel (meridian) entered: lung
Dosage: 6~12 g
桑枝是桑樹的嫩枝。
性味： 微苦，平。
歸經： 肝。
功能主治： 祛風濕，利關節。用於肩臂，
關節酸痛麻木。
用量： 9～15 克。
sang shen are the fruits. They are being used as blood tonic and as yin tonic.
桑椹是桑樹的果穗，補血滋陰。
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)

zhi gan cao tang 炙甘草湯

Name of Formula: zhi gan cao tang  (shang han lun)
(also called fu mai tang, meaning getting back the pulse soup)
Application:
1 Anemic and yangxu (yang deficient) syndrome:  irregular heart beats, palpitation, short of breath, shinny tongue with scanty fur or thin and dry tongue,
2. lung diseases with deficiency: dry cough without phlegm or spitting small amount of mucus, emaciation and short of breath, dry stool, weak rapid pulse.
This formula is often being used in arrhythmia, extra systoles, coronary disease, rheumatoid heart disease, and viral myocarditis, and hyperthyroidism.
Composition: zhi gan cao12 g，sheng jiang 9 g，gui zhi 9 g，ren shen 6 g，;sheng di huang 50 g，e jiao 6 g，mai dong 10 g，ma ren 10 g，da zao 10 pieces。

炙甘草湯 《傷寒論》
亦名：復脈湯
【功效】益 氣滋陰，通陽復脈。
【主治】
１．陰血 陽氣虛，心脈失養証。脈結代，心動悸，虛羸少 氣，舌光少苔，或質干而瘦小者。
２．虛勞肺症。干咳無痰，或咳吐涎沫，量少，形瘦短氣，虛煩不眠，自汗盜汗，咽干舌燥，大便干結，脈虛數。本方常用於功能 性心律不齊、期外收縮、冠心病、風濕性心臟病、病毒性心肌炎、甲狀腺功能亢進等
【組成】炙甘 草12克，生 薑 9克，桂 枝 9克，人 參 6克，生 地黃 50克，阿 膠 6克，麥 冬10克，麻仁,10克， 大棗10枚。
  (by Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

ban xia bai zhu tian ma tang 半夏白朮天麻湯

Name of Formula: ban xia bai zhu tian ma tang
Application:
1. Chronic headache,
2. chronic dizziness,
3. heaviness in limbs and body,
4. hypertension with weak digestion and dizziness,
5. hypotension with dizziness,
6. Meniere's disease,
7. gastroptosis,
8. abscesses.
Composition: ban xia  12 g, bai zhu 10 g, tian ma 10 g, chen pi10 g , fu ling 10 g, zhi gan cao 9 g, sheng jiang 2 slices, da zao 5 pieces, man jing zi 6 g.
Boil with water. Use as tea.
Adjustment:
1. deficiency: add ren shen
2. Dizziness with liver heat ascending: click here

半夏白朮天麻湯(醫學心悟)   
症狀﹕風痰上擾﹐眩暈頭痛﹐胸悶嘔噁﹐舌苔白膩﹐脈弦滑等
主治﹕習慣性頭痛﹐習慣性眩暈﹐手足倦怠﹐胃腸 弱者之高血壓而頭痛眩暈﹐ 低血壓之頭痛與眩暈﹐梅尼爾氏症﹐胃弛緩﹐胃下垂﹐蓄膿症。
處方﹕半 夏  12 g, 白 朮 10 g,  天麻 10 g, 茯 苓  10 g, 陳 皮 10 g, 甘 草  9 g,  生 薑 2 片,  大 棗 5 枚, 蔓荊 子  6 g
水煎服．
加減﹕
(1) 虛者﹐加人参。
(2) 另 血熱型暈眩 。

other其他﹕
I。美尼爾氏綜合症　
應用本方加減：半 夏10ｇ, 白 朮 10 ｇ,  天麻 10 ｇ, 茯 苓  10 ｇ﹐ 澤瀉10ｇ﹐竹茹 ６ｇ﹐陳 皮６ｇ﹐僵蠶 ６ｇ﹐生 薑各６ｇ﹐水煎﹐每日１劑﹐３劑為１為療程．
治療美尼爾氏病32例﹐男18例﹐女14 例 ；年齡30～50歲；病程１～５年．結果：痊癒６例﹐好轉21例﹐無效５例；總有效率達84.4％[1]．　　

II。 內耳眩暈症
又用本方加味：法半 夏﹐白 朮﹐天麻﹐茯 苓 ﹐ 陳 皮﹐大 棗各１０ｇ﹐ 澤瀉１5ｇ﹐ 紫蘇8ｇ﹐ 生 薑6ｇ﹐ 甘 草3ｇ． 水煎服﹐每日１劑 ﹐分2次 於上﹐下午溫服．
治療內耳眩暈症213例 ﹐男性61例 ﹐女性152例 ；年齡22～83歲 ；病程最長19天 ﹐最短2小 時．全部病例為突發性頭暈﹐目眩﹐惡心﹐嘔吐﹐耳鳴﹐或伴波動性聽力下降等症狀特點﹐臨床確診為內耳眩暈症﹐併排除心血管﹐顱內及頸椎病變．臨床治癒標準 ：完成１個治療日後﹐臨床症狀顯著減輕﹐5個 治療日後臨床症狀完全消失﹐3個 月內無復發．結果：全部臨床治癒[2]．

III。 血管性頭痛　
應用本方加味：法 半 夏１8ｇ ﹐白朮１2ｇ ﹐天麻10ｇ﹐ 陳皮１5ｇ ﹐茯苓１2ｇ ﹐川芎30ｇ ﹐厚朴12ｇ ﹐枳殼﹐全蟲各10ｇ ﹐地龍１2ｇ ﹐甘草6ｇ ．
水煎服﹐每日1 劑﹐日服2 次﹐早晚溫服．
治療血管性頭痛31 例中﹐男１2 例﹐女１9 例；病程最長23 年﹐最短14 天．療效標準：痊癒：頭痛 發作消失﹐數月未復發者；好轉：頭痛發作減輕﹐頻率減少； 無效：頭痛發作未減輕．結果：痊癒１1 例﹐佔35．48％ ；好轉１8 例﹐佔 58.6％ ；無效2例 ﹐佔 6.45％ ．總有效率93.54％ [3]．
資料來源﹕
〔１〕余增福等﹐半夏天麻白朮湯加減治療 美 尼爾氏病32例 ﹐實用中西醫結合雜誌﹐19914（2） ：37． 〔2〕 劉愛蘭等﹐半夏白朮天麻湯加味治療眩暈症﹐實用中醫內科雜誌1993﹐7（4） ：１90． 〔3〕 趙學東 等﹐半夏白朮天麻湯加味治療血管性頭痛31 例﹐光明中醫﹐1993﹐ （2） ：31．
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)

Formula 36 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 36 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ July 2, 2014

Composition:
天麻鉤藤飲 tian ma gou teng yin 4g
知柏地黃丸 zhi bai di huang wan 2.5g
真人活命飲(去穿山甲) Zhen Ren Huo Ming Yin(QU CHUAN SHAN JIA)2g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
全蠍粉 quan xie powder 0.8g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.2g
大黃 da huang 0.1g
火麻仁 huo ma ren 1g
夜交藤 ye jiao teng 0.9g
枳殼 zhi ke 0.8g
菖蒲(石) shichangpu 1.2g
蔓荊子 man jing zi 1.5g
薑黃 jiang huang 1g

quan xie 全蝎

Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕Buthus martensi
Latin  name拉丁學名﹕Buthus martensii  Karsch
Other Names別名 ﹕chai kui 蠆 奎， chai chong 蠆尾虫，du bo  杜伯， zhu bu chong 主簿虫，quan chong  全虫， fu bei chong 茯背虫。
Common Name英文名﹕scorpion, buthus
Distribution產地﹕
Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Hubei.
河南，山東，河北，遼寧，湖北等省。
Properties (characteristics)性味﹕
neutral, acrid, sweet, toxic.
性平，味辛。甘，有毒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver
肝
Medical functions藥理﹕
1. A compound found in scorpion venom has inhibited bone loss in an animal model of advanced periodontal disease.[1]
2. Effect on CNS: (1) anti-convulsion:quan xie powder or its decoction possesses anti-convulsion effect on mice. Intra venous injection of 0.28mg/kg with pure polypeptide separated from the scorpion (quan xie) katsutoxin, can inhibit the convulsion effect of mice caused by caffeine. (2) ani-epilepsy katsutoxin and anti-epilepsy peptide can both prolong the hibernation period of epilepsy caused by Cephalosporins, compared to control group. The flare up is less intense, and the period is shorter. The anti-epilepsy peptide effect is strong, dosage is small and toxicity is low.  (3) analgesic effect: the tail of xie (scorpion) is 5 times stronger than the body of xie (scorpion). Katsutoxin possesses a strong analgesic effect of different type of pain.
3. Effect on circulatory system: after injecting 50μg/0.1ml of katsutoxin, the quinea pigs' cardiac muscles showed stronger contraction strength and slowed down the heart rate. Katsutoxin can improve papilla muscles of rabbits and cause contraction of the aorta and this may caused by activating the Ca2+ pathway, increasing the the permeability of Ca2+.
4. Effect of anti thrombosis
5. Effect of anti-tumor
6. Xie (scorpion) possesses the immune system adjustmen in both directions. It can maintain the balance of human immune system.
1. 蠍毒蠍毒的其中化合物有防止 患牙周病老 鼠的 牙床骨頭退化。
2. 對中樞神經系統的作用 ①抗驚厥：全蠍粉末或提取物對小鼠有抗驚厥作用，小鼠靜脈注射由蠍毒分離出的 純 品多 胜肽-抗癲 癇肽0.28mg/kg對咖啡因引起的驚厥有明顯的抑制作用。②抗癲癇蠍毒 和抗癲癇肽均使頭孢菌素引起癲癇的潛伏期比對照組延長，發作程度 減輕，持續時間縮短；抗癲癇肽的作用強。用量小。毒性低。③鎮痛蠍尾的鎮痛作 用比蠍身強約5倍；蠍毒對各類疼痛均有很強的鎮痛作用。
3. 對心血管系統的作用 灌注蠍毒50μg/0.1ml後可使離體豚鼠心臟心肌收縮力明顯增強，同時引起 心率減慢。蠍毒能增加兔乳頭肌收縮力和引起主動脈條收縮，與其激活細胞Ca2+通道。增加膜對Ca2+的通透性有關。
4. 全蠍具有抗血栓。
5. 全蠍具有抗 腫瘤作用。
6. 蠍蛋白可以雙向調節人體免疫系統，維護人體免疫系統的平衡。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Being used in epilepsy, stroke, paralysis, migraine, pain in arthritis, tetanus, tuberculosis in lymph nodes, urticaria, and bunacles.
治驚風抽搐。癲癎。中風。半身不遂。口 眼喎斜。偏頭痛。風濕痺痛。破傷風。淋巴結結核。風疹瘡腫。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕
Contains katsutoxin, a toxin which is only less toxic to the neurotoxin of poisonous snakes. katsutoxin composes of different toxin, including insect neurotoxin, beetle neurotoxin, mammal neurotoxon, polypetides that possess anti-epilepsy property, pain inhibiting polypeptides like tityustoxin, hyaluronidase, hemolysin. Hydrolysis of quan xie (whole scorpion) can produce many kind of amino acid which the human body required. It also contain 29 kinds of inorganic elements, especially high in magnesium, calcium, and zinc. It also contain taurine, palmitic acid, stearic acid, cholesterol, lecithin, katsu acid, trimethylamine, and betaine etc.
主含蠍毒(katsutoxin)，是一類毒性僅次於蛇毒神經毒的蛋白質。蠍毒中含多種蠍毒素，包括昆虫類神經毒素，甲殼類神經毒素，哺乳動物神經毒素，抗癲癇活性的多胜肽polypeptides)， 鎮痛活性多肽如蠍毒素(tityustoxin)，透明質酸酶(hyaluronidase) ，磷脂酶A2(又稱溶血素) 。全蠍水解液含多種氨基 酸(為人體必須氨基酸) 。並含29種無機元素，尤其以鎂。鈣 。鋅的含量為多。此外尚含牛磺酸(taurine)  。軟脂酸(palmitic acid)  。硬脂酸(stearic acid) 。膽甾醇(cholesterol) 。卵磷脂(lecithin) 。蠍酸(katsu acid)  。三甲胺 (trimethylamine) 。甜菜鹼(betaine) 等成分。
註；多胜肽的『 胜』字不是『勝』字的减筆字。『 胜』讀做生(sheng1)。在中國大陸，『多胜肽 』寫作『多肽』，可能為了避免把胜字 當作勝字念。
Dosage用量﹕3～9g
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
<wen dan fang 溫膽湯>
宮頸癌： 露蜂房、全蠍各9克，水蛭、虻虫、制乳香、制沒藥、黃連、黃柏各6克，牡丹皮12克，龍膽草15克 共研勻，用銀花3克煎湯，泛制為愈黃丹， 丸如綠 豆大，雄黃為衣，每服1.5克，日服2次，溫開水送服。局部用宮頸散：麝香1.2克，蛇床子4.2克，血竭7.5克，沒藥9 克，乳香、兒茶、冰片 、硼砂、硇砂各10.5克，鐘乳石、雄黃各13.2克，鉛丹46.5克，白礬285克 共研末，為宮頸散，每用適量，塗 敷 宮頸，每周 2次。如此內服 外塗 ，連續6個月，白帶減少，出血停止。繼續至婦科復查，病灶消失，宮頸光滑。
Modern Research現代研究﹕
According to a report from Harvard University a compound found in scorpion venom has inhibited bone loss in an animal model of advanced periodontal disease.[1]
哈佛大學一項研究發現， 蠍子毒液中的一種成分Kalitoxin讓患有 牙周病骨質損失的老 鼠，在10天內，減少84%的下顎骨質損失，而且這些老鼠並沒有因毒液而發生致命的副作用，例如心臟病或腎臟問題。Kalitoxin 可能有助治療下顎骨引起的牙周病。關節炎或骨質疏鬆症。
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
Toxic dosage is 30 to 60 g. The ingredients the are toxic include neurotoxin, haemolysis toxin, bleeding toxin and blood vessel constricting toxin.
Allergic re-action: it can cause rash, urticaria, (hives) and may also accompanied with fever..
中毒量30～60g。主要有毒成分有神經毒素。溶血毒素。出血毒素。心血管收縮毒素等。
過敏反應:個別服後會出現過敏反應，出現皮疹，風團 (蕁麻疹) ，可伴有發熱等症狀。
[1] http://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/2004/01.08/01-scorpion.html
      http://202.194.30.81/syx/syxjc/dong-quanxie.htm
 (by Joe Hing kwok Chu)

shichangpu 石菖蒲

Pharmaceuticalname 英文藥名﹕RhizomaAcorigramini
Botanicalname 學名﹕
Acoruscalamusvarangustatus(shichangpu石菖蒲)
AcorusgramineusSoland(shichangpu石菖蒲)
Acoruscalamus(shuichangpu水菖蒲)
OtherNames 別名﹕
changpu菖蒲,jiujiechangpu九節菖蒲
處方名（prescriptionnames)：石菖蒲，石菖卜，菖蒲，菖卜，九節菖蒲，等
CommonName英文名﹕Sweetflag,myrtleflag,calamus,flagroot.
Distribution 產地﹕
MainlyproducedinSichuan,Zhejiang,JiangsuprovincesofChina.
主產四川，浙江，江蘇。
Propertiescharacteristics 性味﹕
acrid,warm.
辛，温。
Channelsmeridiansentered 歸經﹕
heart,liver,spleen.
歸心，肝，脾經。
Medicalfunctions 藥理﹕
EffectonCNS:Inanimalstudies:thisherbcanlower5-HydroxyindoleaceticAcid(5-HIAA),dopamine,3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceticacid(DOPAC),andhomovanillicacid.ThisshowsthattheherbshichangpucansedatetheCNSthroughloweringmonoamineofneurotransmitters.Theethanolextractofthisherbcancounterthehighestthresholdofmiceandratsinelectricalshockandlowestthresholdinpentetrazole,seizurereactionofstrychnine,thusitshowsthatshichangpupossessesanti-seizureeffect.Themainingredientsofthetotalevaporatingoilofshichangpu,β-asaroneandα-asarone,canpromotesedative,hypnotic,andanti-seizureeffect.Theextractofshichangpucanenhancethelearningandmemoryofmiceandbringupthethresholdofenduranceoflackofoxygen.
Cardio-vasculareffect:correctsarrhythmiaandslowsdownheartrate.Oneoftheingredientsofchangpu,bisasarinpossessesgoodloweringoflipideffect.Itcanbeabsorbedquicklyanditcandistributewidelyinthebodyanddissipatesslowly.Inpaststudies,itshowsthattheevaporatingoilofchangpucanbeusedtotreatthearrhythmiaofratscausedbyaconitineofwutou.Itcanlowertheheartrateofdomesticatedrabbits'irregularheartratecausedbyepinephrineandbybariumchloride..
Effectonrespiratorysystem:improvesasthmaandchronicbronchitis.Therearereportsthatshowα-Asarone,animportantingredientofchangpu,canbeusedtotreatsimpleformofchronicbronchitis,asthmatictypeofchronicbronchitisorasthmaticbronchitis,whetheritisearlystageofattack,chronicstageorsuddenacutestage.
Effectondigestivesystem:relievespasmoftheintestine
Antibioticeffect
Anti-cancer
Anti-epilepsy
(moredetailedtranslationofthefollowingwillbeuploaded)
        ■對神經系統的作用
　　動物實驗表明，石菖蒲能降低5-羥吲哚乙酸，多巴胺，3，4-二羥基苯乙酸及高香草酸的水平，說明石菖蒲可能是通過降低單胺類神經遞質起到中樞神經鎮靜作用。石菖蒲醇提取物能明顯對抗大，小鼠的最大電休克發作和小鼠的戊四氮最小閾發作及小鼠士的寧的驚厥反應，說明石菖蒲醇提取物有明顯的抗驚厥作用。石菖蒲總揮發油是鎮靜，催眠，抗驚厥的主要成分，α-細辛醚及β-細辛醚是石菖蒲上述作用的主要活性成分。石菖蒲提取物有促進小鼠學習記憶和提高耐缺氧的作用。菖蒲具有促進動物體力和智力的作用。石菖蒲去油煎劑，總揮發油，α，β-細辛醚對小鼠的正常學習有促進作用，對各種類型的記憶模型都有不同程度地改善作用。
　　■對心血管系統的作用
　　研究指出，菖蒲中的二聚細辛醚具有降脂作用，它吸收快，分布迅速廣泛，體內消除較緩慢，具有很好的降脂效果。研究表明，石菖蒲揮發油對大鼠由烏頭鹼(aconitine)誘發的心律失常有一定的治療作用；對家兔由腎上腺和氯化鋇誘發的心律失常，有減慢心律的作用。
　　■對呼吸系統的作用
　　有報道指出，α-細辛腦（α-Asarone）是石菖蒲的主要成分之一，可治療處於發作期，遷延期或病情加重期的單純型慢性支氣管炎，喘息型慢支或支氣管哮喘。
　　■對消化系統的作用
　　用電生理方法研究中藥石菖蒲水提液對大鼠胃腸肌電的作用發現，石菖蒲水提液對胃腸肌電動呈現抑制作用，其作用是通過阻斷膽鹼能M受體及迷走神經非膽鹼能受體實現的。研究指出，石菖蒲去油煎劑，總揮發油，α，β-細辛醚均能抑制離體家兔腸管自發性收縮，拮抗醋膽素(acetylcholine)，組胺(histamine)t及氯化鋇(BaCl2)導致腸管痙攣，增強大鼠胃腸道蠕動及小鼠腸道推進功能，還可促進大鼠膽汁分泌。研究指出，石菖蒲的揮發成分α-細辛醚，β-細辛醚及1-烯丙基-2，4，5-三甲氧基苯對豚鼠離體氣管和回腸有很強的解痙作用。
　　■抑菌作用
　　經培養發現，石菖蒲在污水中能正常生長，同時發現石菖蒲的提取液對已知的8種純菌株都有一定的抑制作用。
        水菖蒲對肺炎雙球菌、甲型鏈球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、八疊球菌、卡他球菌等均有抑制作用。(4～6《全國中草藥匯編》
　　■抗癌作用
　　研究指出，石菖蒲揮發油提取物α-細辛醚對SGC-7901，Detroit-6，HeLa等人癌細胞株有抗癌活性。通過觀察人癌細胞形態學改變，並應用活細胞染色體計數等方法，進行動態的定量研究表明，α-細辛醚能選擇性地抑制及殺傷人癌細胞。
　　■抗癲癇作用
　　石菖蒲中的α-細辛醚具有抗電驚厥，戊四氮驚厥，側腦室給乙酰膽鹼致驚厥作用，用於癲癇大，小發作的臨床治療。[1]
　    ■李延斌
Actions&Indications 主治﹕
Beingmainlyusedindelirium,epilepsy,coronarydiseases,angina,arrhythmia,stroke,vertigo,ringingintheears,atrophicgastritis,externalinjuryofthebrain,mentallyhandicapped/disabled.
主要應用於昏迷，癲癇，冠心病，心絞痛，心律失常，中風，眩暈，耳鳴，耳聾，萎縮性胃炎，腦外傷，弱智等。[1]
Chemicalingredients 化學成份﹕
Thecontentofessentialoildiffersaccordingtowheretheplantsareproduced.
揮發油的含量及其组成可因產地等不同有較大差異。
Rootandleavescontainessentialoil0.11to0.42%.Themainingredientsare﹕/根茎和葉中均含揮發油（0．11～0．42％）其主要成分是﹕
β-Asarone63.2～81.2％/β-细辛醚（顺式)63.2～81.2％
asarone8.8～13.7%/细辛醚8.8～13.7%
caryophyllene/石竹烯
α-humulene/α-葎草烯
Sekishone/石菖醚（1-烯丙基-2，4，5-三甲氧基苯）
aminoacid,organicacid,andsugar/氨基酸，有机酸和糖类。
rootsandstemscontainessentialoil1.5to3.5%/根茎含揮發油1.5％-3.5％，
thoseproducedinNanjing,therootsandstemscontain1.13to3.72%;leavescontain0.1to0.3%;wholeplantcontains0.24to0.48%.Themainessentialoilsare﹕/南京產的根茎含1.13％-3.72％，葉含0.1％-0.3％，全草含0.24％-0.48％，揮發油中主要含﹕
α-asarone/α-细辛醚
β-asarone/β-细辛醚
Theseveralessentialoilsare﹕/数种样品的揮發油成分如下：

bisasarin/二聚細辛醚
β-asarone/β-细辛醚
α-asarone/α-细辛醚
d-asarone/d-细辛醚
cis-methylisoengenol/顺甲基異丁香酚
trans-methylisoeugenol/反甲基異丁香酚
shyobunone/水菖蒲
isoshyobuncne/異水菖蒲酮
epishyobunone/表水菖蒲酮
linalool/芳樟醇
calamenene/菖蒲烯
β-gurjunene/β古香油烯（古芸烯)
δ-cadinene/δ杜松烯
Fromtheessentialoiloftherootandstem,thefollowinghavebeenissolated﹕/從根茎的揮發油中，尚分離出﹕
calamendiol/菖蒲烯二醇
isocalamendiol/異菖蒲烯二醇
preisocalamendiol/前菖蒲烯二醇
acoronene/菖蒲烯酮
acorone/菖蒲螺酮
acoragermacrone/菖蒲大牯牛兒酮
acolamone/菖蒲酮
isoacolamone/異菖蒲酮
rootandstemsofshichangpucontainessentialoilof0.5to0.92%.Theoilcontains﹕/石菖蒲：根茎含揮發油0.5％-0.92％;油中含﹕
α-asarone,β-asarone/α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚
ThoseproducedinNanjing,therootsanstemscontainessentialoilof0.58to2.49%.Theoilcontains﹕/南京產石菖蒲的根茎含揮發油0.58％-2.049％，油中含﹕
β-asarone62.38％/β-细辛醚62.38％
α-asarone2.17％/α-细辛醚2.17％
Freshherbcontainessentialof0.2%to0.42%.Freshleavescontain0.25%andtheoilcontainscloseto30minutequantityofchemicals.Themoreimportantingredientsare﹕/鲜草含揮發油0.20％-0.42％，鲜葉含0.25％，油中含近30种微量成分，其主要成分及含量如下：
β-asarone/β-细辛醚
α-asarone/α-细辛醚
caryophyllene/丁香烯
sekishone/西克酮
safrol/黄樟油脑
cis-metylisoeugenol/顺甲基異丁香酚
α-humulene/α葎草烯
calamenene/菖蒲烯
camphor/樟脑
Other﹕/其他：
vitaminC/維生素C
sitosterol/甾醇
tannin/鞣質
potassium/鉀
calcium,etc/鈣等
shuichangpu(Acoruscalamus) contains﹕/水菖蒲含：
α-asarone α-細辛醚/β-asarone β-細辛醚
cis-metylisoeugenol/順甲基異丁香酚
cal-amendiol/菖蒲烯二醇
acorenone/菖蒲螺烯酮
shyobunone/水菖蒲酮
acorone/菖蒲螺酮
acoragermacrone/菖蒲大牯牛兒酮
acolamone/菖蒲酮
isoacolamone/異菖蒲酮
Dosage 用量﹕
Internal use: 3 to 6 g. (fresh herb 9 to 24 g); or use in pill or powder form.
External use: boil with water and use it to wash affected parts or grind into powder and make into paste form.
內服：煎湯，3~6克（鮮者9～24克 ）；或入丸， 散。外用：煎水洗或研末調敷。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
For improving memory in study:
Name of formula: Kong shen zhen zhong dan (Confucius' Inside Pillow Pills):
Composition: shi chang pu 12 g, yuan zhi 12 g, long gu 18 g, baked gui ban 12 g. Add 1400 c.c. of water and simmer down to 400 c.c. and use as tea.
Diarrhea: shui chang pu, cut into slices. Dry under the sun. Grind into powder. Fill into capsules.  0.3 g per capsules. Take 3 times per day. 3 capsules each time.  Children dosage should be less.
Chronic bronchitis:
Use shui chang pu capsules of 0.3 g. Take 2 capsules each time, 2 to 3 times per day. Take 10 days continuously.  One therapy period is 10 days.
 Suppurative corneal inflammation:
Use shui chang pu 60 g, water 300 c.c. Simmer to 100 c.c. Strain. Adjust pH to neutral. Sterile the decoction under pressure with heat.
Use as eye drop. Three times per day, 2 to 3 drops each time. Eye bath: once per day for about 10 minutes.
讀書善忘：
孔聖枕中丹《清﹐汪昂醫方集解》治讀書善忘﹐久服令人聰明。【 组成】敗龜板酥灸, 龍骨研 末入雞腹煮一宿, 遠志, 九節菖蒲. 三錢 ﹐遠志三錢 ﹐龍骨五錢 ﹐ 炙龜板 三 錢 。以三碗半水煎 至 一 碗 。
痢疾：
水菖蒲切片曬乾，研粉裝膠囊，每粒0.3克，每日3次，每次3粒，溫開水送服，小兒酌減。[2]
慢性氣管炎 ：
水菖蒲膠囊(每粒裝水菖蒲根粉0.3克)每次2粒，每日2～3次，連服10天為一個療程。[2]
化膿性角膜炎：
水菖蒲乾根60克，加水300毫升，文火煎至100毫升，過濾去渣，調 pH呈中性，高壓滅菌即得。(1)點眼：每日3次，每次2～3滴；(2)眼 浴：每日1次，每次10分鐘。[2]
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
use care in cases of yinxu (yin deficient)  , irritable and sweating heavily, cough, spitting blood, spermatorrhea.
There are literature that mention using shi chang pu do not eat goat or lamb meat.
本品辛香溫燥，凡陰 虛 陽亢，烦 躁汗多，咳 嗽，吐 血，精 滑者慎服。
有記載，服中藥方中石菖蒲者忌吃羊肉 。
[1] 中國藥 報【日期】2004-12-28 【期次】197(總 第2912期) 【版次】B5 【版名】综合报道 李延斌
[2] http://www.hulu.com.tw/moi/Acorus-1H.htm
According to the all the herb dictionaries of the past in China, the original correct herb, shi chang pu came from the roots of Acorus calamus var angustatus . The rhizoma is small and it has nine sections per Chinese inch.
Today the in the market it is substituted with the root of Anemone altaica Fisch. The roots are shorter, spindle shape,  and sections are closer and are easier to break. The broken surfaces are flat. Currently the correct herb of Acorus calamus var angustatus is being mentioned in literature but is not available commercially.
The function of shi chuang pu （Acorus calamus var angustatus ）is for ridding of dampness and harmonizing (soothing) the stomach. The two herbs should not be interchanged.
正品九節 菖蒲按歷代本 草所述經考証為 藥典收載之天南星科植物石菖蒲（Acorus calamus var angustatus ）的 根莖，惟體小節 密，一寸有九節 者，此方為石菖蒲的優質品。
現在市售九節 菖蒲則皆毛莨科植物阿爾泰銀蓮花（Anemone altaica Fisch.）的 根莖。其根莖短小，稍彎曲，長1-4cm，直徑0．3-O．5cm。表面棕黃色至暗棕色，具多數半環狀突起的節(鱗葉痕)，斜向交互排列。質堅脆，斷面平 坦，白色，有粉性，可見淡黃色小點(維管束)6-9個排列成環。氣微，味微酸。
由上對照可知，天南星科植物石菖蒲為本草所述及《中國藥典 》（85版）所載正品。南星科九節 菖蒲只有記載如今 並無商品。在功效上，石菖蒲主化濕和中。
水菖蒲(Acorus calamus)與石菖蒲功效略相同：化痰，開竅，健脾，利濕。
阿爾泰銀蓮花之節菖蒲（Anemone altaica Fisch.）植物成分有抗腫瘤、抗炎 、解熱鎮痛、鎮靜、抗驚厥等作用。與水 菖蒲(Acorus calamus)，石菖蒲 （Acorus calamus var angustatus ）有差別 ，因此，應嚴格區分，不可以此代彼。
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)