Status

Current conditions ICD-9-CM:
2003
225.0 BENIGN NEOPLASM OF BRAIN
345.90 UNSPECIFIED EPILEPSY WITHOUT MENTION OF INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
2010
225.0 BENIGN NEOPLASM OF BRAIN
345.90 UNSPECIFIED EPILEPSY WITHOUT MENTION OF INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
2012
225.0 BENIGN NEOPLASM OF BRAIN
345.90 UNSPECIFIED EPILEPSY WITHOUT MENTION OF INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
375.15 TEAR FILM INSUFFICIENCY,UNSPECIFIED
367.89 OTHER DISORDERS OF REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION
377.61 ASSOCIATED WITH NEOPLASMS
729.1 MYALGIA AND MYOSITIS, UNSPECIFIED
719.39 PALINDROMIC RHEUMATISM,MULTIPLE SITES
680.0 CARBUNCLE AND FURUNCLE, FACE
378.41 ESOPHORIA
311 DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
523.8 OTHER PERIODONTAL DISEASES(PERIODONTAL POCKET,GINGIVAL POLYP)
681.02 ONYCHIA AND PARONYCHIA OF FINGER
2013
225.0 BENIGN NEOPLASM OF BRAIN
345.90 UNSPECIFIED EPILEPSY WITHOUT MENTION OF INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
704.8 OTHER DISEASES OF HAIR AND HAIR FOLLICLES
706.1 OTHER ACNE
444.22 ARTERIAL EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF LOWER EXTREMITY
375.15 TEAR FILM INSUFFICIENCY,UNSPECIFIED
367.89 OTHER DISORDERS OF REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION
377.61 ASSOCIATED WITH NEOPLASMS
378.41 ESOPHORIA
728.85 (728.850) SPASM OF MUSCLE
353.4 LUMBOSACRAL ROOT LESIONS,NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
780.52 (780.520) OTHER INSOMNIA
788.43 NOCTURIA
2014
225.0 BENIGN NEOPLASM OF BRAIN
345.90 UNSPECIFIED EPILEPSY WITHOUT MENTION OF INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
374.05 TRICHIASIS WITHOUT ENTROPION
372.72 CONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE
375.15 TEAR FILM INSUFFICIENCY,UNSPECIFIED
367.89 OTHER DISORDERS OF REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION
377.61 ASSOCIATED WITH NEOPLASMS
378.41 ESOPHORIA
2015
225.0 BENIGN NEOPLASM OF BRAIN
345.90 UNSPECIFIED EPILEPSY WITHOUT MENTION OF INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY
705.83 HIDRADENITIS
698.8 OTHER PRURITIC CONDITIONS
686.9 UNSPECIFIED LOCAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
686.09 OTHER PYODERMA
272.0 PURE HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIA (FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTESTEROLEMIA)
729.1 MYALGIA AND MYOSITIS, UNSPECIFIED
719.39 PALINDROMIC RHEUMATISM,MULTIPLE SITES
377.61 ASSOCIATED WITH NEOPLASMS
311 DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
307.48 REPETITIVE INTRUSIONS OF SLEEP
705.81 DYSHIDROSIS
372.72 CONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE
680.2 CARBUNCLE AND FURUNCLE, TRUNK
523.3 ACUTE PERIODONTITIS(ACUTE PERICORONITIS)
Current conditions ICD-10-CM:
2016

E780 Pure hypercholesterolemia
G40.909 Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus
L301 Dyshidrosis [pompholyx]
F32.9 Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified
D33.2 Benign neoplasm of brain, unspecified
H04.123 Dry eye syndrome of bilateral lacrimal glands
H47.529 Disorders of visual pathways in (due to) neoplasm, unspecified side
H02.052 Trichiasis without entropian right lower eyelid
H11.31 Conjunctival hemorrhage, right eye
H52.6 Other disorders of refraction
H50.51 Esophoria
H02.055 Trichiasis without entropian left lower eyelid
H47.099 Other disorders of optic nerve, not elsewhere classified, unspecified eye
F51.8 Other sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition
G40.901 Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, with status epilepticus
L0881 Pyoderma vegetans
B009 Herpesviral infection, unspecified
J069 Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified
M79.1 Myalgia
M12.39 Palindromic rheumatism, multiple sites

Current treatment centers:
GP/ The department of Neurosurgical emergency & Critical Care of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch/ TCM oncology of China Medical University Hospital Cancer Center/ and Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare

Contents of reference sources:
MIMS- Search drug information/ interaction/ images & medical diagnosis.
Complementary and Alternative Healing University- Dictionary of Chinese Herbs. http://alternativehealing.org
Database 醫砭‧沈藥子 http://yibian.hopto.org
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Wiki http://www.tcmwiki.com/

Friday, July 11, 2014

shichangpu 石菖蒲

Pharmaceuticalname 英文藥名﹕RhizomaAcorigramini
Botanicalname 學名﹕
Acoruscalamusvarangustatus(shichangpu石菖蒲)
AcorusgramineusSoland(shichangpu石菖蒲)
Acoruscalamus(shuichangpu水菖蒲)
OtherNames 別名﹕
changpu菖蒲,jiujiechangpu九節菖蒲
處方名(prescriptionnames):石菖蒲,石菖卜,菖蒲,菖卜,九節菖蒲,等
CommonName英文名﹕Sweetflag,myrtleflag,calamus,flagroot.
Distribution 產地﹕
MainlyproducedinSichuan,Zhejiang,JiangsuprovincesofChina.
主產四川,浙江,江蘇。
Propertiescharacteristics 性味﹕
acrid,warm.
辛,温。
Channelsmeridiansentered 歸經﹕
heart,liver,spleen.
歸心,肝,脾經。
Medicalfunctions 藥理﹕
EffectonCNS:Inanimalstudies:thisherbcanlower5-HydroxyindoleaceticAcid(5-HIAA),dopamine,3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceticacid(DOPAC),andhomovanillicacid.ThisshowsthattheherbshichangpucansedatetheCNSthroughloweringmonoamineofneurotransmitters.Theethanolextractofthisherbcancounterthehighestthresholdofmiceandratsinelectricalshockandlowestthresholdinpentetrazole,seizurereactionofstrychnine,thusitshowsthatshichangpupossessesanti-seizureeffect.Themainingredientsofthetotalevaporatingoilofshichangpu,β-asaroneandα-asarone,canpromotesedative,hypnotic,andanti-seizureeffect.Theextractofshichangpucanenhancethelearningandmemoryofmiceandbringupthethresholdofenduranceoflackofoxygen.
Cardio-vasculareffect:correctsarrhythmiaandslowsdownheartrate.Oneoftheingredientsofchangpu,bisasarinpossessesgoodloweringoflipideffect.Itcanbeabsorbedquicklyanditcandistributewidelyinthebodyanddissipatesslowly.Inpaststudies,itshowsthattheevaporatingoilofchangpucanbeusedtotreatthearrhythmiaofratscausedbyaconitineofwutou.Itcanlowertheheartrateofdomesticatedrabbits'irregularheartratecausedbyepinephrineandbybariumchloride..
Effectonrespiratorysystem:improvesasthmaandchronicbronchitis.Therearereportsthatshowα-Asarone,animportantingredientofchangpu,canbeusedtotreatsimpleformofchronicbronchitis,asthmatictypeofchronicbronchitisorasthmaticbronchitis,whetheritisearlystageofattack,chronicstageorsuddenacutestage.
Effectondigestivesystem:relievespasmoftheintestine
Antibioticeffect
Anti-cancer
Anti-epilepsy
(moredetailedtranslationofthefollowingwillbeuploaded)
        ■對神經系統的作用
  動物實驗表明,石菖蒲能降低5-羥吲哚乙酸,多巴胺,3,4-二羥基苯乙酸及高香草酸的水平,說明石菖蒲可能是通過降低單胺類神經遞質起到中樞神經鎮靜作用。石菖蒲醇提取物能明顯對抗大,小鼠的最大電休克發作和小鼠的戊四氮最小閾發作及小鼠士的寧的驚厥反應,說明石菖蒲醇提取物有明顯的抗驚厥作用。石菖蒲總揮發油是鎮靜,催眠,抗驚厥的主要成分,α-細辛醚及β-細辛醚是石菖蒲上述作用的主要活性成分。石菖蒲提取物有促進小鼠學習記憶和提高耐缺氧的作用。菖蒲具有促進動物體力和智力的作用。石菖蒲去油煎劑,總揮發油,α,β-細辛醚對小鼠的正常學習有促進作用,對各種類型的記憶模型都有不同程度地改善作用。
  ■對心血管系統的作用
  研究指出,菖蒲中的二聚細辛醚具有降脂作用,它吸收快,分布迅速廣泛,體內消除較緩慢,具有很好的降脂效果。研究表明,石菖蒲揮發油對大鼠由烏頭鹼(aconitine)誘發的心律失常有一定的治療作用;對家兔由腎上腺和氯化鋇誘發的心律失常,有減慢心律的作用。
  ■對呼吸系統的作用
  有報道指出,α-細辛腦(α-Asarone)是石菖蒲的主要成分之一,可治療處於發作期,遷延期或病情加重期的單純型慢性支氣管炎,喘息型慢支或支氣管哮喘。
  ■對消化系統的作用
  用電生理方法研究中藥石菖蒲水提液對大鼠胃腸肌電的作用發現,石菖蒲水提液對胃腸肌電動呈現抑制作用,其作用是通過阻斷膽鹼能M受體及迷走神經非膽鹼能受體實現的。研究指出,石菖蒲去油煎劑,總揮發油,α,β-細辛醚均能抑制離體家兔腸管自發性收縮,拮抗醋膽素(acetylcholine),組胺(histamine)t及氯化鋇(BaCl2)導致腸管痙攣,增強大鼠胃腸道蠕動及小鼠腸道推進功能,還可促進大鼠膽汁分泌。研究指出,石菖蒲的揮發成分α-細辛醚,β-細辛醚及1-烯丙基-2,4,5-三甲氧基苯對豚鼠離體氣管和回腸有很強的解痙作用。
  ■抑菌作用
  經培養發現,石菖蒲在污水中能正常生長,同時發現石菖蒲的提取液對已知的8種純菌株都有一定的抑制作用。
        水菖蒲對肺炎雙球菌、甲型鏈球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、八疊球菌、卡他球菌等均有抑制作用。(4~6《全國中草藥匯編》
  ■抗癌作用
  研究指出,石菖蒲揮發油提取物α-細辛醚對SGC-7901,Detroit-6,HeLa等人癌細胞株有抗癌活性。通過觀察人癌細胞形態學改變,並應用活細胞染色體計數等方法,進行動態的定量研究表明,α-細辛醚能選擇性地抑制及殺傷人癌細胞。
  ■抗癲癇作用
  石菖蒲中的α-細辛醚具有抗電驚厥,戊四氮驚厥,側腦室給乙酰膽鹼致驚厥作用,用於癲癇大,小發作的臨床治療。[1]
     ■李延斌
Actions&Indications 主治﹕
Beingmainlyusedindelirium,epilepsy,coronarydiseases,angina,arrhythmia,stroke,vertigo,ringingintheears,atrophicgastritis,externalinjuryofthebrain,mentallyhandicapped/disabled.
主要應用於昏迷,癲癇,冠心病,心絞痛,心律失常,中風,眩暈,耳鳴,耳聾,萎縮性胃炎,腦外傷,弱智等。[1]
Chemicalingredients 化學成份﹕
Thecontentofessentialoildiffersaccordingtowheretheplantsareproduced.
揮發油的含量及其组成可因產地等不同有較大差異。
Rootandleavescontainessentialoil0.11to0.42%.Themainingredientsare﹕/根茎和葉中均含揮發油(0.11~0.42%)其主要成分是﹕
β-Asarone63.2~81.2%/β-细辛醚(顺式)63.2~81.2%
asarone8.8~13.7%/细辛醚8.8~13.7%
caryophyllene/石竹烯
α-humulene/α-葎草烯
Sekishone/石菖醚(1-烯丙基-2,4,5-三甲氧基苯)
aminoacid,organicacid,andsugar/氨基酸,有机酸和糖类。
rootsandstemscontainessentialoil1.5to3.5%/根茎含揮發油1.5%-3.5%,
thoseproducedinNanjing,therootsandstemscontain1.13to3.72%;leavescontain0.1to0.3%;wholeplantcontains0.24to0.48%.Themainessentialoilsare﹕/南京產的根茎含1.13%-3.72%,葉含0.1%-0.3%,全草含0.24%-0.48%,揮發油中主要含﹕
α-asarone/α-细辛醚
β-asarone/β-细辛醚
Theseveralessentialoilsare﹕/数种样品的揮發油成分如下:
bisasarin/二聚細辛醚
β-asarone/β-细辛醚
α-asarone/α-细辛醚
d-asarone/d-细辛醚
cis-methylisoengenol/顺甲基異丁香酚
trans-methylisoeugenol/反甲基異丁香酚
shyobunone/水菖蒲
isoshyobuncne/異水菖蒲酮
epishyobunone/表水菖蒲酮
linalool/芳樟醇
calamenene/菖蒲烯
β-gurjunene/β古香油烯(古芸烯)
δ-cadinene/δ杜松烯
Fromtheessentialoiloftherootandstem,thefollowinghavebeenissolated﹕/從根茎的揮發油中,尚分離出﹕
calamendiol/菖蒲烯二醇
isocalamendiol/異菖蒲烯二醇
preisocalamendiol/前菖蒲烯二醇
acoronene/菖蒲烯酮
acorone/菖蒲螺酮
acoragermacrone/菖蒲大牯牛兒酮
acolamone/菖蒲酮
isoacolamone/異菖蒲酮
rootandstemsofshichangpucontainessentialoilof0.5to0.92%.Theoilcontains﹕/石菖蒲:根茎含揮發油0.5%-0.92%;油中含﹕
α-asarone,β-asarone/α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚
ThoseproducedinNanjing,therootsanstemscontainessentialoilof0.58to2.49%.Theoilcontains﹕/南京產石菖蒲的根茎含揮發油0.58%-2.049%,油中含﹕
β-asarone62.38%/β-细辛醚62.38%
α-asarone2.17%/α-细辛醚2.17%
Freshherbcontainessentialof0.2%to0.42%.Freshleavescontain0.25%andtheoilcontainscloseto30minutequantityofchemicals.Themoreimportantingredientsare﹕/鲜草含揮發油0.20%-0.42%,鲜葉含0.25%,油中含近30种微量成分,其主要成分及含量如下:
β-asarone/β-细辛醚
α-asarone/α-细辛醚
caryophyllene/丁香烯
sekishone/西克酮
safrol/黄樟油脑
cis-metylisoeugenol/顺甲基異丁香酚
α-humulene/α葎草烯
calamenene/菖蒲烯
camphor/樟脑
Other﹕/其他:
vitaminC/維生素C
sitosterol/甾醇
tannin/鞣質
potassium/鉀
calcium,etc/鈣等
shuichangpu(Acoruscalamus) contains﹕/水菖蒲含:
α-asarone α-細辛醚/β-asarone β-細辛醚
cis-metylisoeugenol/順甲基異丁香酚
cal-amendiol/菖蒲烯二醇
acorenone/菖蒲螺烯酮
shyobunone/水菖蒲酮
acorone/菖蒲螺酮
acoragermacrone/菖蒲大牯牛兒酮
acolamone/菖蒲酮
isoacolamone/異菖蒲酮
Dosage 用量﹕
Internal use: 3 to 6 g. (fresh herb 9 to 24 g); or use in pill or powder form.
External use: boil with water and use it to wash affected parts or grind into powder and make into paste form.
內服:煎湯,3~6克(鮮者9~24克 );或入丸, 散。外用:煎水洗或研末調敷。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
For improving memory in study:
Name of formula: Kong shen zhen zhong dan (Confucius' Inside Pillow Pills):
Composition: shi chang pu 12 g, yuan zhi 12 g, long gu 18 g, baked gui ban 12 g. Add 1400 c.c. of water and simmer down to 400 c.c. and use as tea.
Diarrhea: shui chang pu, cut into slices. Dry under the sun. Grind into powder. Fill into capsules.  0.3 g per capsules. Take 3 times per day. 3 capsules each time.  Children dosage should be less.
Chronic bronchitis:
Use shui chang pu capsules of 0.3 g. Take 2 capsules each time, 2 to 3 times per day. Take 10 days continuously.  One therapy period is 10 days.
 Suppurative corneal inflammation:
Use shui chang pu 60 g, water 300 c.c. Simmer to 100 c.c. Strain. Adjust pH to neutral. Sterile the decoction under pressure with heat.
Use as eye drop. Three times per day, 2 to 3 drops each time. Eye bath: once per day for about 10 minutes.
讀書善忘:
孔聖枕中丹《清﹐汪昂醫方集解》治讀書善忘﹐久服令人聰明。【 组成】敗龜板酥灸, 龍骨研 末入雞腹煮一宿, 遠志, 九節菖蒲. 三錢 ﹐遠志三錢 ﹐龍骨五錢 ﹐ 炙龜板 三 錢 。以三碗半水煎 至 一 碗 。
痢疾:
水菖蒲切片曬乾,研粉裝膠囊,每粒0.3克,每日3次,每次3粒,溫開水送服,小兒酌減。[2]
慢性氣管炎 :
水菖蒲膠囊(每粒裝水菖蒲根粉0.3克)每次2粒,每日2~3次,連服10天為一個療程。[2]
化膿性角膜炎:
水菖蒲乾根60克,加水300毫升,文火煎至100毫升,過濾去渣,調 pH呈中性,高壓滅菌即得。(1)點眼:每日3次,每次2~3滴;(2)眼 浴:每日1次,每次10分鐘。[2]
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
use care in cases of yinxu (yin deficient)  , irritable and sweating heavily, cough, spitting blood, spermatorrhea.
There are literature that mention using shi chang pu do not eat goat or lamb meat.
本品辛香溫燥,凡陰 虛 陽亢,烦 躁汗多,咳 嗽,吐 血,精 滑者慎服。
有記載,服中藥方中石菖蒲者忌吃羊肉 。
[1] 中國藥 報【日期】2004-12-28 【期次】197(總 第2912期) 【版次】B5 【版名】综合报道 李延斌
[2] http://www.hulu.com.tw/moi/Acorus-1H.htm
According to the all the herb dictionaries of the past in China, the original correct herb, shi chang pu came from the roots of Acorus calamus var angustatus . The rhizoma is small and it has nine sections per Chinese inch.
Today the in the market it is substituted with the root of Anemone altaica Fisch. The roots are shorter, spindle shape,  and sections are closer and are easier to break. The broken surfaces are flat. Currently the correct herb of Acorus calamus var angustatus is being mentioned in literature but is not available commercially.
The function of shi chuang pu (Acorus calamus var angustatus )is for ridding of dampness and harmonizing (soothing) the stomach. The two herbs should not be interchanged.
正品九節 菖蒲按歷代本 草所述經考証為 藥典收載之天南星科植物石菖蒲(Acorus calamus var angustatus )的 根莖,惟體小節 密,一寸有九節 者,此方為石菖蒲的優質品。
現在市售九節 菖蒲則皆毛莨科植物阿爾泰銀蓮花(Anemone altaica Fisch.)的 根莖。其根莖短小,稍彎曲,長1-4cm,直徑0.3-O.5cm。表面棕黃色至暗棕色,具多數半環狀突起的節(鱗葉痕),斜向交互排列。質堅脆,斷面平 坦,白色,有粉性,可見淡黃色小點(維管束)6-9個排列成環。氣微,味微酸。
由上對照可知,天南星科植物石菖蒲為本草所述及《中國藥典 》(85版)所載正品。南星科九節 菖蒲只有記載如今 並無商品。在功效上,石菖蒲主化濕和中。
水菖蒲(Acorus calamus)與石菖蒲功效略相同:化痰,開竅,健脾,利濕。
阿爾泰銀蓮花之節菖蒲(Anemone altaica Fisch.)植物成分有抗腫瘤、抗炎 、解熱鎮痛、鎮靜、抗驚厥等作用。與水 菖蒲(Acorus calamus),石菖蒲 (Acorus calamus var angustatus )有差別 ,因此,應嚴格區分,不可以此代彼。
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)

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