Formula 20 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 20 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy

Composition:
柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯 chai hu jia long gu mu li tang 3g
溫膽湯 wen dan tang 4.5g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
沒藥 mo yao 0.5g
乳香 ru xiang 0.5g
厚朴 hou po 2.5g
桂枝 gui zhi 0.8g
黃連 huang lian 1g
銀花 yin hua 1.5g
薄荷 bo he 0.5g

bo he 薄荷

Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕Herba  Menthae Haplocalycis
Biological name拉丁文學名﹕
Mentha arvensis var. piperascens L. Malinv. ex LH.Bailey (野薄荷 Japanese Field Mint)
Mentha haplocalyx Briq.Field (蘇薄荷 Mint or Mentha )
Mentha piperita  (歐薄荷 Peppermint)
Mentha spicata L. (留蘭香, 綠薄荷 Spearment)
Other Names別名﹕
su bo he 蘇薄荷
Common Name英文名﹕
Common Mint Field Mint. (Mentha arvensis)
Peppermint (Mentha piperascens) which is a hybrid
of water mint (M. aquatica) and spearmint (M. spicata).
Distribution產地﹕throughout China
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, cool
辛﹐凉。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver, lung
歸肝﹐肺經。
Medical functions藥理﹕
Menthol, when applied externally, can relieve headache, neuralgia, and itchiness.
Methone and menthol can relieve sinus congestion caused by allergy from pollens. It can because of methone and menthol promote secretion and rid of the mucus that attaches to the membrane.
The total flavonoid of Mentha piperita (peppermint) possesses  cholagogue (promotes bile secretion) effect.
薄荷醇局部應用可治頭痛、神經痛、瘙痒等。
薄荷酮與薄荷醇對由花粉過敏症引發的鼻黏膜腫脹有緩解作用。可能是由於其促進了分泌而去除了附著於粘膜上的粘液所致。薄荷酮之刺激性强于薄荷醇。
歐薄荷中的總黃酮類具有利膽作用。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Wind-heat type of infection with the symptoms of: headache, red eyes, swollen and painful throat, liver qi stagnation, achy stomach, and boils.
Bo he (mint) contains essential oil. Taking a small amount orally can stimulate the CNS, dilate the capillaries of the skin, and promote perspiration. The sweat can evaporate heat of the body, thus it is suitable for headache, muscle ache, or swollen throat accompanying cold or influenza. If summer heat causes headache, thirst, or dark urine, usually it is combined with xiang ru, sang ye to get rid of the heat.
It is being used as an anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory herb, and an herb that arrests pain caused by swellings. It is often used with lian qiao, jin yin hua, jie geng etc.
It is often used by people with measles when the blisters are not ripening, even when the person has fever or uneasiness (anxiety). It is commonly combined with jin jie, niu bang zi. After the measles ripened, if the patient has a slight fever or cough, usually it is taken with xing ren, chen pi.
External application of mint  medication can make the skin feel cool and causes the capillaries of the mucus to contract. It results in anti-inflammation, arrests pain, and relieves itchiness.
外感風熱，頭痛目赤，咽喉腫痛，肝氣鬱滯，胃悶痛，瘡疥。
荷含揮發油，少量服用可以興奮中樞神經，使皮膚毛細血管擴張，促進汗腺分泌，增加機體散熱，因此適用於頭痛﹐肌痛﹐咽喉腫痛等外感病症，除解熱外，還可使炎症消退，減輕脹痛，常與連翹﹐金銀花﹐桔梗等同用。
薄荷配荊芥﹐牛蒡子能增強透疹功效，常用於麻疹初期疹透不暢﹐發熱﹐煩躁時。疹透之後，若有輕熱﹐咳嗽，可與杏仁﹐陳皮配服。
若因暑熱而引發頭痛﹐口渴﹐小便短赤，可配合香薷﹐桑葉等疏風解熱。
薄荷製劑局部外用時，可使皮膚黏膜涼爽，引起皮膚黏膜血管收縮，有消炎﹐止痛﹐止癢之效。薄荷酮﹐樟烯﹐檸檬烯等，因此有散熱醒腦的作用。舟車勞頓﹐穢氣淤結時所產生頭暈﹐嘔心，可以將其製劑塗敷額頭﹐二眉間﹐鼻下，可緩解不適。
薄荷與清熱解毒的黃連﹐黃岑﹐大黃調製成油膏，可用於瘡傷的消炎﹐退腫。噴灑薄荷油也可抑制空氣中的濾過性病毒，可減少病毒感染性疾病的發生。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕

含揮發油在0.8％以上。The content of evaporating oil is greater than 0.8%:
藏茴香酮(l-Carvone)，
芳樟醇((+)Linalool)，
石竹烯(Caryophllene)，
順羅勒烯(β - Ocimene)，
薄荷醇(Menthol)，
薄荷酮(Methone)，
α-蒎烯(α-Pinene)，
莰烯(Camphene)
檸檬烯(l-Linonene)，
藏茴香酮(Carvone)，
胡薄荷酮(Pulegone)(101-methy1-βD-glucoside)
Dosage用量 ﹕
2 to 10 g. Boil briefly.
2~10g。不宜久煎。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
For itchiness: er wei xiao feng san 二味消風散
For cold or influenza: yin qiao san 銀翹散
For menopausal syndrome: dan zhi xiao yao san 丹梔逍遙散
For influenza with fever and chill: ren shen bai du san 人參敗毒散
Cautions禁忌﹕
Not to use on those who have conditions of  yinxu (yin deficient)﹐liver yang ascending, sweating profusely.
Is mint compatible with Homeopathic remedies? One opinion is here.
陰虛血燥，肝陽上亢，表虚汗多者忌服。(Translated and edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu/Complementary and Alternative Healing University)

ru xiang 乳香

Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕Gummi Olibanum
Botanical name學名﹕Pistacia lentiscus, L.; Boswellia carteri, Bird.
Other Names別名﹕sheng ru xiang, xun lu xiang
Common Name英文名﹕Frankincense Carterii, mastic
Distribution產地﹕East Africa and Arabia
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, bitter, warm.
辛，苦，温。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
heart, liver, spleen.
入心， 肝，脾經。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Improves circulation, repairs muscle, as resolvent.
Being used in :
1. pain due to blood clots,
2. spastic muscle,
3. carbuncles,
4. gum bleeding,
5. gingivitis,
6. rheumatoid arthritis,
7. cirrhosis of liver,
8. amenorrhea,
9. physical injuries,
10.ulcerated wounds not healing.
活血止痛，消腫止肌。
用於﹕
1. 血瘀疼痛,
2. 筋脈拘攣,
3. 生瘡,
4. 牙根出血﹐
5. 齒齦炎,
6. 胸脅疼痛,
7. 風濕痺痛,症瘕積聚,
8. 經閉,
9. 跌打損傷,
10.瘡瘍潰破久不收口。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕
resin 60～70%; main ingredients/ 樹脂60～70%; 主要成分为:
free α－, β一boswellic acid 33%/ 游离α－、β一乳香脂酸33%
bound boswellic acid 1.5%/ 结合乳香脂酸1.5 %
olibanoresene 33%/ 乳香樹脂烃33%
rubber 27～35%/ 樹胶27～35%
calcium salt and magnesium salt of arabic  acid: 20%，Bassorin 6%；/ 阿糖酸的钙盐和镁盐20%，西黄芪胶粘素6%；
bitter 0.5%/ 苦味质0.5%。
essential oil is light yellow in color and fragrant, contains/ 揮發油呈淡黄色，有芳香，含:
Pinene, Dipentene , α－、β一Phellandrene , o- cresol, (the neutral portion contains α－amyrone, α－amyrinone, the derivatives of α－，β－amyrin, and also contains  viridiflorol , insensole, insensole oxide/ 蒎烯、消旋一柠檬烯及α－、β一水芹烯，其主要的芳香成分未明。及其衍生物和间甲基酚,中性部分含α－、β－香樹脂素的衍生物如α－香樹脂酮α－amyrone, α－amyrinone尚含绿花白千层醇、乳香萜烯及氧化乳香萜烯
the rubber mainly contains/ 樹胶主要含:
polysaccharide, from which polysaccharide I has been isolated;  arabinose , galactose, uronic acid, polysaccharide Ⅱ,/ 多聚糖，分离得多聚糖I ,水解得阿拉伯糖、半乳糖及糖醛酸；多聚糖Ⅱ,水解得糖醛及半乳糖。揮發油中乙酸正辛酯octyl acetate占92.46％，乙酸龙脑酯约1.4％，榄香烯0.22％，
β－phellandrene/ β－水芹烯等
Dosage用量﹕3 ~ 9 g
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
not to use in cases of pixu (spleen deficient) or in cases of pregnancies.
懷孕期間或脾虛者忌服。(Edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu/Complementary and Alternative Healing University)

mo yao沒藥

Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕Myrrha
Botanical name學名﹕Commiphora molmol, Engi/ Balsamodendron Myrrha/ Commiphora Myrrha/ Commiphora abyssinica Engl.
Other Names別名﹕mo yao 末藥 (written differently in the first character)
【處方名】 ：沒藥，末藥，制沒藥，炙沒藥，醋炒沒藥，明沒藥，生沒藥，生明沒藥。 處方中寫沒藥，末藥均指生沒藥。
Common Name英文名﹕myrrh
Distribution產地﹕north eastern Africa and Middle East
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
bitter, neutral
味苦，性平
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver, spleen, heart
入肝，脾，心 ，腎經。
①《本草經疏》：“入足厥陰經。”②《本草新編》：“入 脾，腎二經。”③《本草求真》：“入心，肝。”
Medical functions藥理﹕
1. inhibits pain
2. antibiotic
3. reduce swelling (detumescent )
4. wound healing
1. 鎮痛
2. 抑菌
3. 消腫
4. 療傷口
Actions & Indications主治﹕
For pain due to injuries, bruises, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors in the uterus, hemorrhoid,  cataract, amenorrhea , bone and muscle ache﹐  angina pectoris.
External use on inflammation of the mouth cavity, periodontitis,wounds from cut not healing, and pharyngitis.
有活血止痛,消 腫生肌的功能。
治跌打損傷, 瘀痛, 金瘡,筋骨, 心腹諸痛, 風濕痹 痛,症 瘕,經閉, 痈疽肿痛, 痔漏, 目障, 或 氣滞血瘀的心胸悶痛。
外用於瘡瘍腫痛或潰破久不收口, 口腔炎，牙齦炎，咽炎 。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕
Contains 2.5% to 9% of volatile oil, 25% to 35% of resin, 57% - 65% of gum, water and other impurities about 3 to 4%. In top quality mo yao (myrrh), the part that is not soluble in alcohol should not exceed 70% and ash should not exceed 5%. Because mo yao comes from different sources, the ingredients can be slightly different.
主要含2.5%～9%的揮發油，25%～35%的樹脂，57%～65%的膠等成分，此外為水分及各種雜質約3～4%。上等沒藥的醇不溶性成分不超過70%；灰分不超5%。沒藥成分可因來源不同而稍有差異。
α -,β-Heerabomyrrholic acid/α -,β- 罕沒藥酸
α -,β- γ-Commiphoric acid/α -,β- γ-沒 藥酸
Commiphorinic acid/沒藥尼酸
α -,β-Heerabomyrrhol/α -,β-罕沒藥酚
Heeraboresene/罕沒藥樹脂
Commiferin/沒藥萜醇
myrrholic acid/沒藥酸
methanoic acid (formic acid)/甲酸
acetic acid/乙酸 (醋酸）
oxidase/氧化酶
Eugenol/丁香油酚; (丁香酚) (揮發油)
m-Cresol/間苯甲酚
Cumin aldehyde/枯醛
Pine-ne/蒎烯
Dipentene/二戊烯
Limonene/檸檬烯
Cinnamic aldehyde/桂皮醛
Heerabolene/罕沒藥烯
間甲基酚(揮發油)
cuminaldehyde/枯茗醛
cinnamaldehyde/桂皮醛
formic acid ester/甲酸酯
acetic acid ester/乙酸酯
ester of myrrholic acid/沒藥酸酯
heerabolene/罕沒藥烯
α-，β-bisabolene/α 及β－沒藥烯
dl-limonene/dl-苧烯
myrrhin/沒藥樹脂
After heating, the following were obtained加熱得沒藥脂酸類：
α-,β-, γ-commiphoric acid/α-，β-，γ－沒藥脂酸
com-miphorinic acid/次沒藥脂酸
α -,β-heerabomyrrholic acid/α－，β－罕沒藥脂酸
α－heerabomyrrhol/α－罕沒藥脂酚
β－heer-abomyrrhol/β－罕沒藥脂酚
protocatechuic acid/原兒茶酸
catechol/兒茶酚
heeraboresene/罕沒藥氧化樹脂
gum arabic/阿拉伯樹膠
After hydrolysis, the following were obtained水解得:
arabinoxylan/阿拉伯聚糖
xylans/木聚糖
galactan, galactosan/半乳 聚糖
Dosage用量﹕
For decoction: 3 to 9 g.
For external use: use appropriate amount. Grind into powder and make into paste and apply to affected areas.
內服入煎劑﹕ 3～9克。
外用：適量﹐研末調敷。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
Combination:
1. combine with ru xiang: rids of blood stasis, loosens tight tendons.
2. combine with chuan shan jia: lessens swelling and pain; rids of blood stasis.
3. combine with xue jie: lessens pain and rids of blood stasis.
4. combine with xiong huang: lessens swelling, promote new growth of tissues, rids of infections.
1. 配乳香， 活血散瘀，行氣舒筋。
2. 配穿山甲 ，活血散瘀，消腫止痛。
3. 配血竭， 活血散瘀，止痛。
4. 配雄黄， 消腫生肌，燥濕解毒。
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌 ﹕
use with care in cases of weak digestion. Not to use where there is not blood stasis, or  in cases of where boils have been ripen and ulcerated or in cases of pregnancies.
胃弱者慎服。 無淤滯 ，癰疽已潰及孕婦忌用。(Edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu/Complementary and Alternative Healing University)

Recently medicines Oct

jin yin hua 金銀花

Pharmaceutical name 英文药名：Flos Lonicerae japonicae
botanical name 拉丁學名：
1. Lonicera japonica Thunb., 
2. Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., 
3. Lonicera confusa DC. 
4. Lonicera dasystyla Rehd.
Common Name: honey sucker flower
Other names 別名﹕ren dong hua 忍冬花, shuang hua 雙花, er hua 二花, er bao hua 二抱花, yin hua 銀花。
Distribution 分佈：mainly produced in Shantung and Henan provinces of China 主產於山東﹐河南。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕sweet and cooling 甜﹐涼。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕lung, heart, large intestine, and stomach 肺﹐心﹐大腸﹐胃。
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
1. respiratory tract infection, 
2. influenza,
3. acute infection of the tonsils,
4. acute infection of the mammary glands,
5. lobar pneumonia,
6. bacterial type of dysentery,
7. acute appendicitis,
8. boils
9. allergy reaction of skin
1. 上呼吸道感染﹐
2. 流行性感冒﹐
3. 急性扁桃腺炎﹐
4. 急性乳腺炎﹐
5. 大葉性肺炎﹐
6. 細菌性痢疾﹐
7. 急性闌尾炎﹐
8. 癰癤膿腫等病症,
9. 皮膚過敏反應。
Chemical ingredients: stems contain saponin, leaves contain tanin and flowers contain 1% of inosite.
Dosage 劑量﹕6 ~ 16 g daily.每日量﹕6 ~ 16 克。
Samples of formulae:
(1). for promoting urination and healing sores with pus 
     (source: he han yao ying yong) 
     jin yin hua 6 g, gan cao 3 g, water 600c.c. 
     Simmer to 200 c.c. Made into 3 servings a day 
(2). for expelling pus and toxin and rid of carbuncles. 
     (source: hui chun fang). 
     jin yin hua 10 g, tian hua fen 10 g, sheng huang qi 6 g, chuan shan jia 6 g, dang gui 6 g, jie geng 6 g, zao jia ci 6  g, bai zhi 4 g. Add water 600 c.c. Simmer to 200 c.c. 
     Add yellow rice wine 100 c.c. make into 3 servings a day. 
     Take while warm.

(3). for lessening pimples 
     jin yin hua 30 g, gan cao 5 g. Boil with 2000 c.c. of water. 
     Simmer for 15 minutes. Use as daily tea .
Cautions 禁忌：
Use smaller dosage for fever and larger dosage for boils due to toxic heat. 
Not for long term usage because of its cool property. 
Use caution in cases of yangxu (yang deficient) condition.
性寒故不宜常服用。陽虛 体弱之人須慎用。
(By: Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

Formula 19 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 19 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy
September 26 changed doctor

Composition:
柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯 chai hu jia long gu mu li tang 3g
溫膽湯 wen dan tang 4g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
白芥子 bai jie zi 1.5g
厚朴 hou po 2.5g
桂枝 gui zhi 0.8g
黃連 huang lian 1g
銀花 yin hua 1.2g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g

Formula 18 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 18 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy

Syndrome:
脈弦浮而數 floating tight and rapid pulse

Composition:
柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯 chai hu jia long gu mu li tang 3.5g
溫膽湯 wen dan tang 4g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
白芥子 bai jie zi 1.5g
厚朴 hou po 2g
桃仁1g
黃連 huang lian 1g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g

tao ren 桃仁

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕Semen Persicae
Biological name 拉丁名﹕
Prunus Persica (L) Batsch
Amygdalus davidiana（Carr.）C. de Vos ex Henry
Common Name 英文名﹕peach kernel, persica
Distribution 分佈﹕throughout China 全中國。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
bitter, sweet, neutral, slightly toxic.
苦﹐甘﹐平, 有小毒。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕
heart, large intestine, liver, lung
心﹐大腸﹐ 肝﹐肺。
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
1. breaks up blood stasis
2. for constipation due to dry intestines
1. 消淤血。
2. 治腸乾燥之便秘。
Medical Function 藥理﹕
anti coagulation, anti hypertensive, inhibits pain, anti inflammation, detoxification, anti-allergenics,  promotes bowel movements.
抗凝作用。降血壓作用。鎮痛，消炎，抗過敏， 解毒，通便作用。
Chemical ingredients 化學成份﹕
1. [triacyl glycerol], 88.6 ~ 92.1%; [1, 2-biacyl glycerol],   2.2 ~ 2.3%; [1, 3-biacyl  glycerol],  0.9 ~ 1.6%; [monoacyl glycerol], 0.3 ~ 1.1%; [sterol ester], 1.0 ~ 1.6% [1,2];  [phosphatidyl choline] 43.7 ~  44.7%; [phosphatidyl ethanolamine] 35.5 ~ 37.4%; [phosphatidyl serine] , 17.1 ~ 19.9%.
2. [24-methylenecyloartanol], 0.001%; [citrostadienol], 0.002%; [7-dehydroavenasterol, delta7-avenasterol], 0.002%.
3. animo acid and protein.
4. catechin, prunin, hesperetin-5-O-glucoside[4], naringenin, kaempferol, hydro-kaempferol, kaempferide glucoside, quercetin glucoside[7].
5. [methyl alpha-D-fructofuranoside], 0.005%; [methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside], 0.09%; [prunasin], 0.38%; [amygdalin] 3.49%[3].
Dosage 用量﹕
4.5 to 9  g. Should not be broken into small pieces until dispensed.
4.5 ~ 9  克。應用時才好將桃仁打碎。
Samples of formulae 常用處方：
1. tao he chen qi tang,  
2. tao ren tang, 
3. shu jing huo xue tang,
1. 桃核承氣湯
2. 桃仁湯
3. 舒經活血湯
Cautions:
Not to use in case of anemia or during pregnancy. Raw tao ren is toxic.
血不足者忌用。孕婦忌服。生桃仁有毒。
(by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

chai hu jia long gu mu li tang 柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯

Application: vertigo; sensation of fullness in the below the heart area, mainly in the abdomen and especially above the navel area where it pulsates, sensation of heaviness in the entire body; difficult to rotate trunk; habitual insomnia; difficulty in urination; mild constipation; irritability; delirious speech; palpitation; nervousness in children; mental instability; hysteria; startles easily; night terror. Tongue is usually red with a slippery coating. Pulse is usually tight and rapid.

Name of Formula: chai hu jia long gu mu li tang (Shang Han Lun)

Composition:

long gu  9 g , chai hu   6 g, sheng jiang 3 slices, mu li   9 g, da huang   3 g, hong zao  3 pieces (remove of seeds) , fu ling  9 g, gui zhi    9 g, ren shen 9 g, huang qin  6 g.

For Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Formula: chai hu jia long gu mu li tang with adjustments

long gu  30 g , mu li   30 g, zhen zhu mu 30 g, chai hu  10 g, sheng jiang 3 slices, fu xiao mai 30 g,  gan cao 10 g, da huang   10 g, da zao  5 pieces (remove seeds) , fu ling  9 g, gui zhi 10 g, ren shen 9 g, huang qin  10 g. jiang ban xia 10 g, suan zao ren 10 g.

Adjustments:

1. with phegm heat﹕add dan nan xin, zhu ru, or tian zhu huang

2. liver heat high﹕add long dan cao, zhi zi

3. yinxu (yin deficient) with heat﹕remove gui zhi, add zhi mu, huang bai.

4. liver and stomach yinxu (yin deficient) : remove  gui zhi, and  sha shen, mai dong.

5. chronic sickness with qixu (qi deficient)   : add dang shen 10g.

30 doses is one therapy period. Total therapy periods is 3 months.

方名﹕ 柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯 (傷寒論)

(傷寒論)原用於治療傷寒誤 下，邪熱内陷﹐表里俱病﹐煩驚谵语等症。

功用﹕和 解內外,鎮靜安神。

主治﹕眩 暈, 心下部脹滿,多 在腹部尤其是臍上有動悸,失眠,心神不寧,煩悶憂鬱,易驚恐,焦燥易怒,情緒無常,甚至呈現狂亂、痙攣等症狀；又身體易疲勞,一身極重,致不能轉側而動作 不靈活,並伴有尿不利﹐尿量減少與便秘傾向者,亦適用之。舌紅苔滑。脈相一般弦數。

適用症﹕

神經衰弱症、癲癇、神經質失眠、更年期障礙、神經性心悸亢進症、神經性陰萎、動脈硬化症、高血壓、腦出血、心 臟瓣膜症、狹心症、慢性腎炎、萎縮腎、水腫、尿毒症、腳氣、半身不遂、中暑、肩胛痠痛症、肝硬變症、禿頭症。

現有臨床上用此方治療失眠﹐心悸﹐耳鸣﹐眩晕﹐唇颤﹐手麻不用﹐癫痫﹐廣 泛性焦慮症等 疑難雜症療效顯著。

組成﹕

龍 骨  9 克 , 柴胡  6 克,  生 薑 三片, 牡蠣  9 克 , 大 黃  3 克,  紅 棗 三 枚(去 核) , 茯苓 9 克, 桂 枝 9 克 , 人參 9 克, 黃芩 6 克

廣泛性焦慮症﹕

{辨別} 

大柴胡湯（肝鬱,寒熱症,心下急,鬱鬱微煩,神經症狀輕微） 

苓桂朮甘湯（癇症,心下悸,胃內停水,脈沉） 

苓桂甘棗湯（癇症,臍下悸,脈沉數） 

抑肝散加陳皮半夏（癇症,腹動,神經症狀,左臍傍大動悸,虛證） 

柴胡薑桂湯（肝鬱,腹動,虛證） 

甘麥大棗湯（狂症,急迫,騷狂,神經症狀甚,腹肌拘急） 

桂枝加龍骨牡蠣湯（精神神經症狀與柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯相同,但體質虛弱,過勞的人,無胸脅苦滿)

柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯加減

組成：

龍骨  30 克 (先煎) , 牡蠣  30 克 (先煎), 珍珠母 30 克 (先煎)， 柴胡  10 克,  生 薑  三片,  浮 小 麥 30 克﹐甘 草 10g，大 黃   10 克,  大 棗 5 枚(去 核) , 茯苓 9 克, 桂枝  10 克 , 人參 9 克, 黃芩  10 克﹐ 姜半 夏 10 g﹐熟 酸 棗 仁10g。

加减：

1. 夾痰熱者 ﹕加 胆南 星、竹 茹或天竺黄；

2. 肝火熾盛﹕加 龍 膽草、梔 子；

3. 陰虛火旺者﹕去 桂枝, 加 知母、黃 柏；

4. 肝胃陰 虛﹕去 桂枝, 加 沙參、麥 冬；

5. 久病氣 虛者﹕加 黨參10g。

30劑為1療程。總療程為3個月。

本组服完3個 療程的共63例，2個療 程的共9例。其中8例因服完3個療 程病情不穩定，仍用本方加减隔日服1劑，共15 劑。症状基本控制稳定，後均改服逍遥丸(濃縮丸，每次8粒，3次/日)3个月，其中8例病人服完6个月， 以資鞏固。 對安定類依赖及失眠交嚴重的患者，仍给予原劑量减半治療。

chai hu 柴胡

Pharmaceutical name 藥名 ﹕Radix Bupleuri
Biological name 拉丁學名 ﹕Bupleurum chinense DC. (north chai hu) / Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Wild.(south chai hu or xi chai hu or ruan chai hu)
Common Name 英文 ﹕thorowax root, hare's ear root
Other names 別名：
chun chai hu (literally spring chai hu)春柴胡, chai hu 柴胡, di xun 地熏, zi hu 茈胡, shan cai 山菜, 茹草, 柴草, 軟柴胡, 硬柴胡, 芽胡, 芽柴胡, 春胡, 南胡, 才胡, 地薰, 芸蒿
1. Bupleurum chinense: bei chai hu (literally northern chai hu), ying chai hu (literally hard chai hu)
2. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium: nan chai hu (literally southern chai hu), xi chai hu (literally thin chai hu), ruan chai hu (literally soft chai hu)
3. 北柴胡（硬柴胡 [Bupleurum chinense]），
4. 南柴胡（細柴胡，軟柴胡[Bupleurum scorzonerifolium]）
Distribution 分佈 ﹕
1. Bupleurum chinense DC. (north chai hu) is mainly produced in Liaoning, Gansu, Hebei, Henan.
2. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Wild.(south chai hu or xi chai hu or ruan chai hu) is mainly produced in Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan.
3. 北柴胡（硬柴胡）主產 遼 寧 、甘 肅 、河北、河南。
4. 南柴胡（細柴胡，軟柴胡）主產 湖北、江 蘇 、四川。
Properties (characteristics) 性味 ﹕bitter, slightly cold. 苦﹐略寒。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經 ﹕liver, gall bladder, pericardium, triple fire
Actions & Indications 主治 ﹕
to disperse heat and fever, improve yang. For cold and influenza, alternating chill and fever, malaria, fullness in chest and rib cage, irregular menses, prolapse of uterus, and prolapse of rectum.
疏散 退熱，升陽舒肝。用于感冒發熱, 寒熱往來, 瘧疾, 肝鬱氣滞, 胸胁胀痛, 脱肛, 子宫脱垂, 月經不不調。
Medical Function 藥理﹕
1. calming effect on CNS
2. pain relieving,
3. antipyretic, reducing heat
4. anti inflammation
5. effect on immune system
6. effect on digestive system
7. effect on heart and blood vessels
8. effect on excretion of urine﹕small amount improves urination and large amount does not have the effect
9.anti tumor
10.anti bacteria, virus, and amoeba
11.effect on metabolism
12.improves liver function
1. 鎮靜
2. 解熱
3. 鎮痛
4. 抗炎
5. 促進免疫功能
6. 消化系統作用
7. 心血管作用
8. 抗癌作用
9. 利尿作用﹕小量有利尿作用﹔大劑量無此作用
10.抗菌及抗流感病毒
11.新陳代謝作用
12.改善肝功能
Chemical ingredients 化學成份 ﹕
1. Vaporizing oils: 2-methyl cyclopentaone, limonene, myrcene, (+)-carvone, trans-tarved carveol, pulegone, myrtenol, α-terpineol, linalool, geraniol, n-tridecane, (E) - geranylacetone, α-cubebene, humulene, trans-caryophyllene, longifolene, nootkatone, hexadecanoic acid, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, pentanic acid, caproic acid, heptylic acid, 2-heptenic acid, caprylic acid, 2-octenic acid, pelargonic acid, 2-nonenic acid, phenol, O-methoxy phenol, gamma-heptalactone, gamma-decalactone, eugenol, gamma-undecalactone, methyl phenol, ethyl phenol, thymol, messoia lactone, vanillin acetate.
   β-terpinene, limonene, β-fenchene, pulegone, isoborneol, β-terpineol, α-copaene, humulene, a-farnesene, aromadendrene, cis-caryophyllene, trans-caryophyllene, β-elemene, gamma-muurolene, patchoulane, nootkatone, ledol.
2. Saponins: Saikosaponin, saikogenin, longispinogenin.
3. Organic acids: Oleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, steaeric acid, lignoceric acid.
4. Ethanol  group: α-spinasterol, delta7-stimasteneol, delta22-stigmaastenol, stigmasterol, adonitol, bupleuromol.
5. Others: Angelicin, calcium, potassium, aluminum
Dosage 用量 ﹕
3 to 12 g
3~12 克 。
Modern Application現代應用﹕
1. to reduce fever
2. cough
3. viral infection of the liver
4. to lower ALT and AST : [6]
5. for high lipids of blood
6. globus hystericus
1. 解熱
2. 止咳嗽
3. 肝臟病毒感染
4. 降肝臟 ALT 與  AST
5. 高血脂
6. 梅核氣
Cautions 警語:
It is mildly toxic. Not for use in cases of yin deficiency cough or headache due to ascending liver fire.
Overdose causes headaches, dizziness, vomiting, tremors, gastroenteritis, and pathogenic erections.
There were report of cases of mortality of  broncho-interstitial pneumonia suspected were being caused by the combined use of chai hu formulae and interferon.
Large dosages and/or long term usage can be toxic to kidneys.
有將柴胡製劑與干擾素併用，引發間質性肺炎而死亡的案例。
大劑量或長期服用可能對腎臟有毒。
by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu

Formula 17 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 17 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy

Syndrome:
脈弦浮而數 floating tight and rapid pulse

Composition:
四逆散 sini powder 4.5g
溫膽湯 wen dan tang 4g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
白芥子 bai jie zi 1.5g
附子(焙) fu zi(bei) 1g
厚朴 hou po 2g
黃連 huang lian 1g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g

si ni san (sini powder) 四逆散

【方名】：四逆散
【出處】：《傷寒論》
【分類】：和解劑-調和肝脾
【組成】：柴胡（6克） 枳實（6克） 芍藥（6克） 炙甘草（6克）
【方訣】：
【功用】：透邪解鬱，疏肝理脾。
【主治】：１．陽鬱厥逆證。手足不溫，或腹痛，或泄利下重，脈弦。２．肝脾氣鬱證。脅肋脹悶，脘腹疼痛，脈弦。（本方常用於慢性肝炎、膽囊炎、膽石症、膽道蛔蟲症、肋間神經痛、胃潰瘍、胃炎、胃腸神經官能症、附件炎、輸卵管阻塞、急性乳腺炎等屬肝膽氣鬱，肝脾（或膽胃）不和者。）
【用法】：水煎服。
【禁忌】：斟酌。
【附方】：柴胡疏肝散（《證治准紀》引《醫學統旨》方）、枳實芍藥散（《金匱要略》）
【方解】：四逆者，乃手足不溫也。其證緣於外邪傳經入裏，氣機為之鬱遏，不得疏泄，導致陽氣內郁，不能達於四末，而見手足不溫。此種“四逆”與陽衰陰盛的四肢厥逆有本質區別。正如李中梓雲：“此證雖雲四逆，必不甚冷，或指頭微溫，或脈不沉微，乃陰中涵陽之證，惟氣不宣通，是為逆冷。”故治宜透邪解鬱，調暢氣機為法。方中取柴胡入肝膽經，升發陽氣，疏肝解鬱，透邪外出，為君藥。白芍斂陰養血柔肝為臣，與柴胡合用，以補養肝血，條達肝氣，可使柴胡升散而無耗傷陰血之弊。佐以枳實理氣解鬱，泄熱破結，與柴胡為伍，一升一降，加強舒暢氣機之功，並奏升清降濁之效；與白芍相配，又能理氣和血，使氣血調和。使以甘草，調和諸藥，益脾和中。綜合四藥，共奏透邪解鬱，疏肝理脾之效，使邪去郁解，氣血調暢，清陽得伸，四逆自愈。原方用白飲（米湯）和服，亦取中氣和則陰陽之氣自相順接之意。由於本方有疏肝理脾之功，所以後世常以本方加減治療肝脾氣鬱所致脅肋脘腹疼痛諸症。
【化裁】：若咳者，加五味子、幹姜以溫肺散寒止咳；悸者，加桂枝以溫心陽；小便不利者，加茯苓以利小便；腹中痛者，加炮附子以散裏寒；泄利下重者，加薤白以通陽散結；氣鬱甚者，加香附、郁金以理氣解鬱；有熱者，加桅子以清內熱。
【附注】：本方原治陽鬱厥逆證，後世多用作疏肝理脾的基礎方。臨床應用以手足不溫，或脅肋、脘腹疼痛，脈弦為辨證要點。
　　　　　
　　　　　方劑比較：
　　　　　 本方與小柴胡湯同為和解劑，同用柴胡、甘草。但小柴胡湯用柴胡配黃芩，解表清熱作用較強；四逆散則柴胡配枳實，升清降濁，疏肝理脾作用較著。故小柴胡湯為和解少陽的代表方，四逆散則為調和肝脾的基礎方。
【文獻】：方論 吳謙，等《醫宗金鑒·訂正仲景全書·傷寒論注》卷７錄李中梓：“按少陰用藥，有陰陽之分。如陰寒而四逆者，非薑、附不能療。此證雖雲四逆，必不甚冷，或指頭微溫，或脈不沉微，乃陰中涵陽之證，惟氣不宣通，是為逆冷。故以柴胡涼表，芍藥清中。此本肝膽之劑而少陰用之者，為水木同源也。以枳實利七沖之門，以甘草和三焦之氣，氣機宣通，而四逆可痊矣。”
　　　　　
　　　　　《傷寒論·辨少陰病脈證並治》：“少陰病，四逆，其人或咳，或悸，或小便不利，或腹中痛，或泄利下重者，四逆散主之。”

si ni tang 四逆湯
Application: cardiac exhaustion. It can improve the contraction of the heart muscles and improve the peripheral circulation. It did not show any obvious side effect when used with proper diagnosis.
Composition: gan jiang 12 g, zhi gan cao 7.5 g, fu zi  12 to 19 g.
Soak fu zi in water until thoroughly wet then add gan jiang and zhi gan cao and simmer another half hour. Drink while warm.
Note: fu zi is cardiac stimulant.  Boiling it for long time will reduce its toxicity but also will lessen its effectiveness.
Combining this formula with tao hong si wu tang with niu xu, jie geng becomes xue fu zhu yu tang.
Caution: Use care in case of pregnancy.
 【方名】 四逆湯
  功能與主治：
急性熱病，體溫低落，脈搏沉微，手足厥冷，身體疼痛，下痢
清穀及霍亂吐瀉，或大汗出，心臟猝衰者。 用附子以回陽逐寒，
鼓舞身體陽氣，增強機體生命活動力。
四逆湯可增加心收縮力及心率，並擴張週邊血管，如對癥用藥無明顯副作用。
  處方： 乾薑三錢﹐炙甘 草二錢﹐附子三錢至五錢
  先將附子浸透，加其餘藥物，煎30分鐘。溫服。
  註：附子有强心作用。久煎可降低其毒性，但是也降低其藥力。本方合桃紅四物湯加懷牛膝，桔梗 而成  血府逐瘀湯　
  注意: 孕婦慎用。

Formula 16 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 16 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy


Syndrome:
脈弦浮而數 floating tight and rapid pulse


Composition:
血府逐瘀湯 xue fu zhu yu tang 4g
溫膽湯 wen dan tang 6g
川七粉 powder chuan qi 2g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
黃連粉 powder huang lian 1g
丹參 dan shen 1g
白芥子 bai jie zi 1.5g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g

bai jie zi 白芥子

Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕
Semen Sinapis albae （白芥）(white jie zi)
Botanical name學名﹕
Sinapis alba, L.; （白芥）(white jie zi)
Brassica alba (L.) Boiss. （黄芥）（yellow jie zi)
Common Name英文名﹕
white mustard seed
Distribution產地﹕
Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong Sichuan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang
主產於安徽，河南，河化，山西， 山東，四川，陕西，浙江等地。
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, warm and slightly toxic.
辛，温，微毒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
lung, stomach.
肺，胃。
Medical functions藥理﹕
Expels phlegm; calming asthma
Inhibits bacteria.
平喘袪痰
抑菌
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Being used in cold phlegm obstruction type of cough, pain and fullness in rib cage, asthmatic cough with abundance of phlegm, pain in limbs and joints, migrating sores, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, leaching pleurisy, neuralgia.
寒痰壅滯之咳嗽氣逆，胸脅滿痛，喘咳痰多症，肢體關節疼痛，陰阻漫腫痰濕流注，慢性氣管炎，肺氣腫，滲出性胸膜炎，神經痛。
Chemical ingredients/化學成份﹕
sinalbin/白芥子甙
myrosin/芥子酶
sinapine/芥子碱
4-hydroxybenzoylcholine/4-羟基笨甲酰胆碱
4-hydroxybenzylamine/4-羟基笨甲胺
Glucosinalbin/葡萄白芥子苷
Bitters/苦味質
Sinapinrhodanide/芥子鹼
fatty acid/脂肪酸
Polysaccharides/聚醣類
Dosage用量﹕
For decoction: 3 to 10 g.  External application: use appropriate amount. Grind into powder and make paste. Apply to affect areas.
内服，煎湯，3-10克。外用：適量，研末調敷。
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
Not to use in cases of chronic cough due to lung deficient, or  yinxu (yin deficient) or heat in stomach. Taking large amount may cause diarrhea. External application for too long can cause inflammation. Avoid eye contact.
肺虛久咳，陰虛火旺及胃火熾盛者忌服。大剤量可能引起腹瀉。外敷過久可能引起皮膚發炎。避免接触眼睛。

ge gen 葛根

ge gen 葛根/ ge hua 葛花
translated and edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu
Present Day Applications現代應用﹕
being used in heart and brain diseases due to lack of blood circulation.
用于缺血性心腦血管疾病的治 療 。
Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕
Radix Puerariae
Flos Puerariae
Botanical name學名﹕
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi；
Pueraria  thunbergiana (S. etZ.) Benth.；
Pueraria  hirsuta (Thunb.) Schneid.；
Pueraria  pseudohirsuta Tang et wang
Pueraria thomsonii Benth.
Other Names別名﹕
gan gen 乾根﹐ gan ge gen 乾葛根
Common Name英文名﹕
kudzu root, pueraria
Distribution產地﹕
Hunan, Henan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Southeast Asia, North America.
湖南，河南，廣東，浙 江，東南亞，北美洲等地。
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, sweet, neutral
辛，甘，性平。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經 ﹕
spleen, stomach
脾﹐胃。
Medical functions藥理﹕
1. effect on smooth muscle: it contains ingredients that can contract and relax the smooth muscles
2. anti-diarrhea
3. effect on coronary blood vessels: relaxes the blood vessels
4. anti-arrhythmia
5. enhances the function of the heart
6. lowers blood pressure and lowers the resistance of peripheral  blood vessels
7. beta energetic blocking effect
8. inhibits platelet coagulation
9. lower blood sugar
10. inhibits growth of cancer cells and induces differentiation of cancer cells. (Normally cancer cells do not differentiate, so it never loses its potential for growth. )
11. anti-oxidation
12. improves memory
improves eyesight
The following will be translated. If you need them in a hurry, consult our Research Librarian
藥理：
1. 對平滑肌的作用
葛根含有收縮和舒張平滑肌的成分。收縮成分可能是膽鹼,乙酰膽鹼和卡塞因R等物質,葛根的甲醚提取物中得到了鬆弛平滑肌的成分並證實為黃豆素和黃豆甙元,它們均能明顯對抗乙酰膽鹼引起的小鼠回腸收縮,其效力約為罌粟鹼的1/3。由於葛根以含黃酮類化合物為主,特別是大豆甙元具有抗乙酰膽鹼作用,所以葛根在臨床多用於解痙。
2. 對冠狀動脈的影響
葛根水煎劑,醇浸膏,總黃酮,葛根素均有明顯的擴張冠狀血管的作用。正常狗靜注30mg/kg總黃酮,其冠脈血流量增加40%,血管阻力降低29%,且這種作用隨劑量的增加而增加;總黃酮亦能對抗垂體後葉素引起的大鼠急性心肌缺血。葛根素的作用要強於總黃酮。從急性心肌缺血狗的右室旁路靜注葛根素15～20mg/kg/min,連續15min可使進入缺血區冠脈側枝血流量增加,非缺血區冠脈血流量亦增加。利血平給藥後,總黃酮和葛根素對冠脈循環的作用仍保持,表明其作用是對血管平滑肌的直接鬆弛作用。
3. 抗心律失常作用：葛根素,大豆甙元和葛根醇提取物對烏頭鹼,氯化鋇誘發的心律失常有明顯對抗作用。且醇提取物,大豆甙元的作用比葛根素強。葛根素還能明顯縮短氯仿-腎上腺素誘發的家兔心律失常時間,並明顯提高哇巴因引起的室性早搏和室性心動過速的閾值。作用機制可能是葛根成分影響細胞膜對鉀,鈉,鈣離子的通透性而降低心肌興奮性。
4. 對心臟功能和心肌代謝的影響：葛根總黃酮和葛根素對麻醉犬靜注,能使犬心率減慢,總外周阻力降低,心輸出量無明顯改變,而左室作功略減少,心肌耗氧量減少,心肌工作效率提高。對結扎冠狀動脈前降支形成急性心肌梗塞的麻醉犬,葛根總黃酮靜注,使血壓明顯降低,心率減慢,梗塞區返回血流稍有下降,動脈血氧無明顯改變,而冠狀竇和梗塞區靜脈血氧卻明顯增加。給急性心肌缺血狗靜注葛根素,可使主動脈壓顯著降低。張力-時間指數與左室壓力升高速度也同時降低。當主動脈壓調整到給藥前水平後,張力-時間指數與左室壓力升高速度也恢復到給藥的水平。以上結果提示,葛根總黃酮和葛根素對調整心肌對氧的供求平衡,提高心臟功能,改善梗塞心肌的代謝有良好作用。
5. 對血壓和外周血管的作用
葛根對正常和高血壓動物有一定的降壓作用。靜脈注射葛根浸膏,總黃酮,葛根素均能使正常麻醉狗的血壓短暫而明顯的降低。口服葛根水煎劑(2g/kg)或醇浸膏(2g/kg),總黃酮和葛根素對高血壓狗也有一定的降壓作用。腹腔注射葛根素及灌服葛根大豆甙元可分別使自發性高血壓大鼠的血漿腎素活性和血管緊張素顯著降低,血壓顯著下降,且作用強於對正常大鼠。麻醉犬靜注葛根總黃酮後,能使部分動物的腦血流量增加,但所有動物的血管阻力均下降,從麻醉犬的頸內動脈靜注葛根總黃酮和葛根素後,腦血流量增加和血管阻力降低更明顯。還能使乙酰膽鹼引起的腦內動脈擴張和去甲腎上腺素引起的引縮減弱,使處於異常狀態下的血管功能恢復到正常水平。靜脈注射葛根總黃酮和葛根素對股動脈血流量和血管阻力無明顯影響,但股動脈內注射可使血流量增加,股動脈血管阻力降低。
6. 對β-腎上腺素能受體的阻滯作用葛根素放射性配體結合分析表明:它能明顯降低大鼠心肌膜中β受體的最大結合量,抑制受體與標記配體結合,阻斷腎上腺素對北京鴨紅細胞膜中腺苷酸環化酶活性的激活作用,証明其為一種β受體拮抗劑。
7. 抑制血小板聚集作用
葛根素能抑制二磷酸腺(adenosinediphosphate)
(ADP)誘導的人和動物的血小板聚集,而對5-HT和ADP聯合誘導的人和動物血小板聚集,其抑制ADP誘導的大鼠血小板聚集的50%濃度為0.43mg/ml;對5-HT,ADP聯合誘導的人血小板聚集抑制50%濃度為2.7mg/ml,但葛根素對5-HT單獨誘導者無影響。另外葛根素還能明顯抑制由凝血酶誘導血小板中5-HT的釋放。
8. 降血糖作用。申竹芳等報道,葛根煎劑對正常家兔有輕微降血糖作用。葛根素(500mg)給四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠灌服有顯著降血糖作用,250mg接近其最低效量,但250mg/kg/d葛根素加50mg/kg/d阿斯匹林組成的復方降糖作用明顯,且可維持24h以上,並能明顯改善四氧嘧啶小鼠的糖耐受量,明顯對抗腎上腺素的升血糖作用。
9. 抗癌及誘導癌細胞的分化作用
葛根中所含大豆甙元可抑制白血病細胞HL-60的增殖,使細胞由原始的早幼粒階段發育為趨向成熟的中幼粒,晚幼粒以及成熟的杆狀粒,分葉核細胞。實驗証明大豆甙元對HL-60細胞周期移行G1期阻斷作用,是HL-60細胞分化的誘導劑。但是大豆甙元單獨處理HL-60細胞,對細胞的誘導作用較弱,當大豆與乳香的有效成分Bc-4聯合應用時,對HL-60細胞的生長有明顯抑制和分化誘導作用。大豆甙元在10～20μg/ml濃度范圍內能夠明顯抑制黑色素瘤B16細胞的增殖,受藥物作用4d的B16細胞,克隆形成能力及體內成癌能力明顯降低,其原理是大豆甙元能明顯改變B16細胞的形成,誘導小鼠黑色素瘤B16細胞的分化。
10. 對免疫功能的影響
葛根提取物在動物體內能激活腹腔巨噬細胞(PMφ)的吞噬功能,可啟動picibanil(OK432)或脂多糖在動物血清中產生腫瘤壞死因子。杜德極體外用脂多糖刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬細胞分泌TNF及IL-1,用PHA刺激小鼠脾細胞分泌IL-2的方法來觀察葛根提取物對這些細胞因子分泌的影響。結果表明葛根提取物在0.08～2μg/ml濃度時,對LPS刺激巨噬細胞TNF的分泌無影響,而對LPS刺激PMφ分泌IL-1,PHA刺激脾細胞分泌IL-2有抑制作用。在10μg/ml時,對TNF,IL-1及IL-2的分泌均呈抑制作用。葛根制劑葛根湯可使主要吞噬碳粒的肝,脾臟的碳粒攝取能力增強。對免疫亢進的動物,葛根湯可使其細胞性免疫功能反應性恢復。葛根湯使巨噬細胞的異物吞噬功能增強,同時通過活化的巨噬細胞對細胞性免疫施以影響。
11. 抗氧化作用
葛根中分離精制的PG1(GP)及忙果甙(MF)可捕捉到DPPH基因,又可顯著抑制氧化損傷引起的紅細胞溶血,對微粒體的活性氧類(-OH,O2)造成的過氧化脂質的生成也有抑制作用。因此,GP及MF均具有捕捉自由基的抗氧化作用。
12. 對記憶的影響：據劉干中等用小鼠跳台法和大鼠操作式條件反射法觀察了葛根醇提取物及總黃酮對動物學習記憶功能的影響。結果,兩者均能對抗東莨菪鹼（氫溴酸鹽Scopolamine）所致的小鼠記憶獲得障礙和40%乙醇所致的記憶再障礙,葛根醇提取物尚能對抗東莨菪鹼所致的大鼠操作式條件反射的抑制。研究發現,東莨菪鹼能降低小鼠大腦皮層和海馬乙醯膽鹼含量,並降低海馬乙醯膽鹼轉移酶活性。這可能是葛根能改善學習記憶作用的機制。
此外,葛根還有對體溫的雙相調節作用和改善視力的功能。[1]
13. 止瀉作用
14. 對氧化氮有雙向調節作用。可用於治療精神分裂症【2】
[1]（据崔蘇镇等“葛根的藥理作用研究概况”----時珍國藥研究19989(3):279-280）
[2] 遼寧中醫雜誌>33卷6期劉振杰;曹雅靜;曹幸餘http://www.ceps.com.tw/ec/ecjnlarticleView.aspx?atliid=376225&issueiid=28832&jnliid=2479
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Diaphoretic (producing or increasing perspiration), antispasmodic, muscle relaxant, antipyretic, help to ripen measles, stopping diarrhea.
Being used in fever and headache in cold or flu, spastic muscles, thirst, diabetes, diarrhea, acute ileus (intestine blockage), measles ripening difficulty, in alcohol hangover, alcohol withdrawal, angina, hypertension, smoking, alcohol, early stage of acute deafness.
Shoots are used as a lactagogue.
The starch is being used in treating diarrhea. Do not add sugar to the starch. See a commercial package of starch here.
發汗，解肌退熱，生津，透疹，升陽止瀉。
用于外感發熱頭痛,顽强，口渴，消渴，热痢，泄瀉﹐高血壓项强痛。煩熱乾渴，高血壓，急性腸梗塞，心絞痛，斑疹不透，眼底病，早期突發性耳聾，酒醉不醒﹐戒煙。
嫩枝用於催乳。
以下節錄自台南科技大學葛根網頁﹕
煨葛根
1. 溼熱瀉痢常以本品與黃芩﹐黃連﹐甘草配伍，增強其清熱止瀉治痢的功效，如『傷寒論』之葛 根芩連湯(5)。
2. 脾虛泄瀉 脾胃虛弱之大便溏瀉，神疲體倦，少氣懶言等症，可以本品配伍炒白朮﹐茯苓﹐人蔘﹐煨木香﹐藿香等藥物，取其健脾行氣，升陽止瀉的功效，如『小兒藥證直訣』之七味白朮散(5)。
3. 葛根粉
(1) 熱病煩渴及消渴病之口渴多飲症本品除與麥冬﹐天花粉﹐地黃等生津止渴藥物配伍使用外，『太平聖惠方』有單用葛根粉煮粥治煩燥熱渴證的記載(5)。
(2) 酒醉飲酒過量﹐酒醉嘔吐者，自古即以葛根為解酒要藥。『千金藥方』有用鮮葛搗汁飲之，治酒醉不醒。『本草衍義』則用葛根粉治酒醉。『普濟方』中枝葛花丸，即以葛根粉和葛花﹐砂仁﹐（草）豆蔻﹐烏梅等同用，治酒醉嘔吐。『儒門事親』中的葛根散亦以葛根與葛花﹐砂仁等合用，治飲酒過度所致酒毒內蘊之證(5)。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕
Flavonoids/黃酮類
7-xyloside puerarin/7-木糖葛根素
3'-hydroxypuerarin/3'-羟基葛根素
formononetin/芒柄花素
genistein/金雀异黄素
methylpuerarin/甲基葛 根素
daidzein/大豆素
daidzin/大豆甙
puerarin/葛根素
puerarin-7-xyloside/葛根素-7-木 糖甙
4’-6’-O-diacetylpuerarin/4ˊ，6〃-O-二 乙葛根素
7,4′-diglucoside/7,4′- 二葡萄糖甙
xylopueratin/木葛 根素
miroestrol
Glicoside/配糖體:
4-O-D-glucoside/4-O-D-配 糖
8-C-apiosyl-glucosides/8-C-芹 菜糖基-配 糖
pueroside A, B/葛甙 A, B
Pueranol
Triterpenoids/三萜類:
sophoradiol/槐二醇
soyasapogenols A, B,/大豆皂甙
cantoniensistriol
Alkaloid/生物鹼 ﹕
kassein/卡賽因
Saccharides/糖類﹕
starch (10-15%)/澱粉 (10-15%)
D-mannitol/D-甘露糖醇
D-(±)pinitol/D-(±)松 醇
Saponins/皂素:
β-sitosterol/β-谷 甾 醇
kudzusapogenol A, B, C/葛根皂草精醇
6,7-dimethoxycoumarins/6,7-二甲氧基香豆精
5-methylhydrantoin/5-甲基海因
Arachidic acid/花生酸
Dosage用量﹕
3 to 12 g (dried herb). Fresh herb can be used a few times more.
3~12克(乾藥)。新鮮葛根可用多幾倍。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
Name of Formula: ge gen tang
方名﹕葛根湯
Modern Research現代研究﹕
Ge gen was first described in the Chinese materia medica, Shen Nong Ben Cao  ( 200 B.C.) .  Both the roots and flowers of ge gen have been used to treat alcohol abuse, drunkenness, and hangover ( "jiu du" or alcohol poisoning) safely and effectively in China for more than a millennium. [1]
Now it has been tested in addiction to smoking and is considered to have the same effect, reducing the addiction in a month time.
Puerarin promotes osteoblast to differentiate by influencing the activity of ALP and promotes bone formation by the meditation of estrogen receptor. [1]
哈佛醫學院的研究人員指出，葛根抽取物可讓得酒癮的老鼠減少酒精的攝取量。他們將老鼠在注射大豆甙,大豆甙元或大豆甙;之後，可自由選擇白開水或是加了酒的水。結果發現，這些原本有酒癮的老鼠減少了百分之50的酒精攝取量。美國目前正在實驗以它來治療酒精中毒。
葛根素對骨形成的作用：通過影響鹼磷酸酶活性，而促進成骨細胞分化。通過雌激素受體介導促進成骨細胞的骨形成效應。[1]
Toxicity & Cautions:
Allergy reaction of injectiones of puerarin: there are cases of hemolytic reaction and resulted in death.
Not to use in cases of instant sweating during summer.
Using too much can damage the digestive function.
多用反傷胃氣(升散太過)。
用葛根素注射液有發生過溶 血症以 致死亡。夏日虛 汗多者忌服。


葛粉：據《本草綱目》，《中華人民共和國藥典》等記載葛粉具：生津止渴，清熱解毒，防暑降溫，養顏護膚，去脂減肥，擴張血管，清除體內垃圾之功效，對風火牙疼，口腔潰瘍，咽喉腫痛，熱咳，高熱，頭痛，疱疹，痔瘡，熱痢，泄瀉，醉酒，前列腺炎等療效；國家中醫藥研究所研究鑒定，葛粉富含高級澱粉，碳水化合物，蛋白質，還含有黃酮，葛根素，葛根素，木糖，大豆黃酮，花生酸等十幾種營養成份及維生素B，C，E；鈣，鋅，磷，鉀等十三種人體必須的礦物質和氨基酸。其中黃酮□價值超過黃金的四倍，在國際上享有“回歸大自然的綠色食品”的美譽。錢江源鄉野牌野葛粉由於生長在國家生態示范區，生態環境特優，因此其藥用價值更高，療效明顯好於同類產品，特別對預防和治療高血壓，高血脂，冠心博□心絞痛，糖尿博□癌症，皮膚肉瘤等有特殊功效。據最新資料顯示：經常飲用野葛粉還能達到身材苗條，乳房發達，皮膚白皙的效果,並能緩解和改善更年期綜合症。
Toxins and Taboo:
Puerarin is currently widely used in clinical applications like ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The therapy period is long. There is a risk of drug accumulation, resulting in toxicity. With the continuous spreading of clinical application of puerarin, the reports of adverse reactions have also increased.
毒素與禁忌﹕
葛根素注射液目前在臨床上廣泛用於缺血性心腦血管疾病的治療。因其臨床應用療程長，易發生藥物蓄積，產生毒性。隨著葛根素注射液在臨床應用的不斷擴展，有關不良反應報告也有所增加。
本品所致的可疑不良反應主要表現為各種類型的過敏反應，以藥物熱,皮疹,過敏性哮喘,全身性過敏反應包括過敏性休克等表現為主。發生過敏反應的潛伏期從十幾分鐘到13天不等，多數在連續用藥過程中出現，經停藥及抗過敏治療後恢復。葛根素注射液還可引起溶血性貧血，患者出現腰痛,排尿困難和血尿，一般停藥和經對症藥物治療後緩解，但有因溶血性貧血致死病例。此外本品還可引起肝,腎損害，患者出現四肢乏力，食欲不振，黃疸以及轉氨酶和血鉀,尿素氮等明顯升高，經過對症治療後肝,腎功能恢復正常。
註﹕
卡賽因 Kassein 對平滑肌有收縮作用。對胃排空延遲者俱有促進作用。
[1} Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2000;97:12493-12497.

xue fu zhu yu tang血府逐瘀湯

Edited by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu
Name of Formula: xue fu zhu yu tang (yi lin ga cuo)
Uses: for correcting blood stasis, including symptoms of unable to ejaculate in sexual intercourse,  easily get angry, heaviness in chest area, pain in groin area, bruise mark on the tongue, thin coating on the tongue, brown age spots on the skin, and deep and thin pulse; impotence due to blood stasis.
Prescription:
dang gui,  sheng di,  hong hua,  niu xi 9 g each,  tao ren 12 g, zhi ke, chi shao 6 g each,
chai hu,  gan cao 5 g each, jie geng,  chuan xiong 4.5 g each.
Boil with water and use as tea. 
Warning:
Do not use if there is no blood stasis. Diagnosis must be correct.
Do not use this formula if you are not well experienced in diagnosis and application.
Do not use this formula if the patient is using blood thinning drugs, like warfarin or heparin etc.


血府逐瘀湯
出自: 王清任著《醫林改錯》
功用﹕活血去瘀﹐行氣止痛﹐抗凝血﹐擴張血管﹐解除痙攣﹐鎮靜。
主治: 用于瘀血停滯之頭痛，性交不能射精﹐胸脅疼痛，內熱煩悶，急躁善怒，失眠多夢，心悸，呃逆乾嘔，舌赤﹐脈弦滑。冠心病﹐高血壓﹐腦血管疾病等﹐血瘀性之陽萎。
處方﹕
當歸 9 克﹐生地 9 克﹐紅花 9 克﹐ 牛膝  9 克﹐桃仁 12 克﹐ 枳殼 6 克﹐ 赤芍 6 克 ﹐柴胡 5 克﹐
甘草 5 克﹐ 桔梗 4.5  克   川芎 4.5 克。
水煎。分作 2 ~3 次服。
禁忌﹕ 孕婦忌用。如無明顯瘀血的症狀，不宜使用。不可與散瘀西藥同用。


1. shenxu (kidney deficiency)
2. ming men lacks fire
3. heart and spleen weakened from over work
4. emotional injuries
5. damp heat settlement
6. blood stasis
7. sclerosis of the liver
8. liver qi stagnation

wen dan tang 溫膽湯

Formulation:
Chinese Name/ Pharmaceutical Name/ Pin Yin Name/ English Name:
陳皮/ Pericarpium Citri reticulatae/ Chen Pi/ Citrus Peel
制半夏/ Rhizoma Pinelliae praeparatum/ Zhi Ban Xia/ Pinellia Rhizome
竹茹/ Caulis Bambusae in taenia/ Zhu Ru/ Bamboo Shavings
枳實/ Fructus Aurantii immaturus/ Zhi Sh/ Zhi Shih
生薑/ Rhizoma Zingiberis recens/ Sheng Jiang/ Fresh Ginger
茯苓/ Poria/ Fu Ling/ Hoelen
甘草/ Radix Glycyrrhizae/ Gan Cao/ Licorice
大棗/ Fructus Jujubae/ Da Zao/ Jujube
Classic Literature Reference:
Zhong Guo Yi Xue Da Ci Dian (Dictionary of Chinese Medicine, 1921).
Compiler: Xie, Li Huan
Action: 
Moves Qi, harmonizes stomach, clears gallbladder, and removes phlegm and heat
Indication: 
Disharmony of stomach and gallbladder, internal disturbance of phlegm and heat; especially effective in the event of anxiety, panic attacks and mental disorders
Key Symptoms and Signs for Use:
Anxiety
Panic attacks
Insomnia
Restlessness
Hiccups
Nausea or vomiting
Tongue: white greasy coating
Pulse: wiry
Modern:
Gastritis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, neurosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastroptosis, gastroatonia, morning sickness, seizures; or nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset due to chemotherapy.


方名: 溫膽湯
來源: 三因極一病證方論
http://yibian.hopto.org/fang/?fno=239
製法用量: 半夏10克  橘紅(陳皮)15克  茯苓8克  甘草5克  竹茹10克  枳實10克  生薑10克  大棗2枚  
功效: 行氣化痰，調和膽胃。
主治: 膽胃不和、痰濁內擾證。虛煩失眠、胸悶有痰，噁心嘔吐、呃逆、或驚悸不寧、口苦、苔膩、脈弦滑。
方義: 本方溫涼並用，適用於膽胃失和，痰濁內擾、有熱化傾向者。方中半夏燥濕化痰、和胃止嘔；陳皮理氣化痰；茯苓健脾利濕；枳實行氣化痰，使氣行痰化；竹茹清熱化痰，止嘔除煩；生薑健胃祛痰止嘔。綜合全方，共奏行氣化痰、理氣安神，調和膽胃之功。
辨證要點:
虛煩不眠。
胸悶有痰。
驚悸不寧。
苔膩口苦。
脈弦滑。
加減: 痰火偏盛：加栝蔞、貝母。
眩暈：加菊花、黃芩。
失眠：加酸棗仁、牡蠣。
癲癇：加鬱金、石菖蒲。
內熱心煩：加梔子、淡豆豉。
寒熱往來：加柴胡、黃芩。
思慮不眠：合逍遙散。
憂鬱不眠：加越鞠丸。
狹心症：加川芎、丹參、鬱金、薤白、桂枝。
注意禁忌: 對陰虛血少之眩暈、失眠、心悸等不適用。
現代應用: 本方鎮靜安眠，祛痰鎮咳，止嘔，擴張冠狀動脈，消炎。用於精神分裂症、憂鬱症、神經官能症、癲癇、梅尼爾氏綜合症、冠心病、動脈硬化症、狹心症、高血壓、消化道潰瘍、胃炎、膽囊炎、膽石症、慢性支氣管炎、哮喘、甲狀腺機能亢進。