Biological name 拉丁文學名﹕Tribulus terrestris Linn.
Other Names 別名 ﹕
yin ji li 硬蒺藜，ji gu zi 蒺骨子， bai ji li 白蒺藜， ji li 蒺藜，san jiao ding (literally: 3 legged nail) 三腳丁 ，san jiao hu (litterally 3 legged tiger) 三腳虎 ，san jiao ma zai (literally: 3 legged horse) 三腳馬仔。
Common Name 外文名﹕
Puncturevine caltrop fruit, nettle fruit, puncture vine fruit, cathead fruit ,
yellow vine fruit, goathead fruit, and burra gokharu (Indian name).
Distribution 產地﹕
mainly produced in north eastern, northern part of China and in Qinghai,
Xizang, and along the Yangtze River of China.
產東北﹐華北﹐ 青海﹐西藏和長江流域等地。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
bitter, acrid, neutral.
苦﹐辛，平。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕liver 肝經。
Medical functions 藥理﹕
1. Tribulus terrestris water extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Inhibitory effect on the delayed type hypersensitivity is mainly achieved through the mid-term effect on the inhibition induced cell differentiation and formation.
2. Tribulus terrestris has antihypertensive effect . Tribulus water extract , ethanol - water extract and 30 % ethanol leaching solution in anesthetized animals have antihypertensive effect. Its alkaloids had no effect on canine blood pressure , but can inhibit frog heart , water-soluble fraction with moderate antihypertensive effect. [ 1 ]
3. Tribulus terrestris has some diuretic effect. Tribulus terrestris is being used as a diuretic used in Indian folk medicine. In saline loading experiments in rats , the diuretic effect is not ideal. The diuretic effect of water extract of its ash content of the water extract and plant decoction , is mainly due to the presence of potassium . But some people think that in addition to potassium , the alkaloids have a diuretic effect. Clinically it is effective for patients with ascites and edema . [ 1 ]
4. Tribulus terrestris has anti- acetylcholine effect . [ 1 ]
5. Tribulus terrestris has a strong and anti-aging effect.
6. Tribulus terrestris has antibacterial, anti-allergic and treatment of vitiligo effect.
Tribulus has significant anti- ischemic effect .
7. Tribulus terrestris extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. [ 1 ]
8. The crude saponins of Tribulus leaves can significantly reduce lab animal experimental hypercholesterolemia cholesterol levels , elevated lecithin / cholesterol ratio ; can significantly stimulate spermatogenesis in male rats , increased libido , improve fertility .
9. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. vulgaris andC. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml. [2]
1. 刺蒺藜水提取物有抗炎作用。對遲髮型變態反應的抑制作用主要是通過對抑制誘導期中的效應細胞的分化 與形成而達致的。
2. 刺蒺藜有降壓作用。蒺藜水浸液、乙醇-水浸出液和30％乙醇浸出液對麻醉動物有降壓作用。其生物鹼部分對犬血壓無影響，但可抑制蛙心，水溶性部分有中度降 壓作用。[1]
3. 刺蒺藜有一定的利尿作用。白蒺藜在印度民間作為利尿劑用；在鹽水負荷的大白鼠實驗中，利尿作用並不理想，其灰分的水提取物及植物煎劑的利尿作用，主要是由 於鉀鹽的存在。但有人認為除了鉀鹽外，生物鹼部分有一定的利尿作用，臨床上對腹水及水腫病人有效。[1]
4. 刺蒺藜具有抗乙酰膽鹼作用。[1]
5. 刺蒺藜具有強壯與抗衰老作用。
6. 刺蒺藜具有抗菌、抗過敏及治療白癜風作用。
蒺藜皂甙有明顯的抗心肌缺血作用。
7. 蒺藜提取物能抑制金黃色葡萄球菌、大腸桿菌的生長。[1]
8. 蒺藜莖葉粗皂苷能顯著降低實驗性高膽固醇症動物的膽固醇水平，升高卵磷脂/膽固醇比值；可明顯刺激雄性大鼠精子生成，增加性慾，提高生殖力。
9. 最活躍的蒺藜乙醇提取物對革蘭氏陰性和革蘭氏陽性菌的最小抑菌濃度， 0.15毫克/毫升， 對枯草桿菌，蠟樣芽胞桿菌，夏枯草和C的水果提取物。白喉。此外，同樣從蒺藜提取物表現出最強的對白色念珠菌的抗真菌活性為0.15毫克/毫升。 [2]
Actions & Indications 主 治﹕
Effective for soothing the liver to rid of depressed mood, invigorating blood
to rid of pain, improving vision, stopping itchiness.
Being used in treatment of：achy loin due to deficiency, spermatorrhea,
leukorrhea,headache, dizziness, pink eyes with tears, keratitis, cloudiness
in cornea, chronic bronchitis with coughing, milk not flowing, itchiness,
rash, bulging sensatiion in the rib cage, vitiligo, etc.
功效：有平肝解鬱，活血袪風，明目止癢之效。
治：虛勞腰痛 ， 遺精帶下 ， 頭痛 ，眩暈， 目赤多淚 ， 角膜炎，角膜雲翳，
咳逆肺痿 ， 癥結積聚 ， 乳閉不通 ， 皮膚瘙癢 ， 風疹 ， 胸脇脹悶，白癜風 。
Chemical ingredients 化學成份--
steroidal saponins 甾體皂甙; 其皂甙元為:diosgenin/ 薯蕷皂甙元
ruscogenin/ 魯期可皂甙元
hecogenin/ 海可皂甙元
gitoogenin/ 吉托皂甙元
Also contains 另含:
tribuloside/ 蒺藜甙
kaempferol-3-rutinoside/ 山柰酚-3-芸香糖甙
astragalin/ 紫雲英甙
harmine/ 肉葉芸香鹼
Dosage 用量﹕
for decoction: 6 to 9 g.
for external use: smash and apply or make into powder and sprinkle into affected parts.
內服：6～9 克。
外用：捣敷或研末撒。
Samples of formulae 處方舉例﹕用於風疹瘙痒，常與蟬 蛻，荊芥，防 風等同用。
Present Day Applications 現代應用﹕
There are reports that body builders are using this herb to improve result through increasing testosterone. This herb may increase the luteinizing hormone which helps the development of the corpus luteum in the female and the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testis in male. See Caution.
有報導說，鍛煉肌肉健身者在使用白蒺藜來增加睪酮以提高鍛煉效果。本品可能會增加女性的黃體生成， 在男性有助於睪丸間質細胞產生睪酮而促進肌肉生長。
Cautions 禁忌﹕
use care in cases of blood deficient and/or qixu (qi deficient) and in cases of pregnancies.
Toxic re-actions:
1. overdose can cause toxic reaction: lack of energy, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, rapid respiration, skin purpura. In serious cases it can cause lung edema, and respiration exhaustion. It can also cause high iron content in red cells and result in asphyxiate.
2. There are allergic reaction of skin itchiness, rash and erythema after consuming the herb.
血虛, 氣虛及孕婦慎服。
1. 用量過大:用量 過大 會引起 中毒反應，出現乏力﹐頭昏﹐噁心﹐嘔吐﹐心悸﹐氣急﹐皮膚青紫﹐嚴重者出現肺 水腫﹐呼吸衰竭 。 亦可產生高鐵血紅蛋白而引起窒息。
2. 過敏反應:有報道服用白蒺藤後，出現皮膚瘙癢﹐丘疹﹐紅斑。
Noted:
[1] Zhong Hua Ben Cao 中華本草
[2] J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2008 February; 9 (2): 154–159. Published online 2008 January 16. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B0720251
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)
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