Rhizoma Coptidis (huang lian)
Rhizoma Picrorhizae (xuan hu lian)
Biological name拉丁學名﹕
huang lian:
1. Coptis chinensis Franch.
2. Coptis deltodea C.Y Cheng et Hsiao
3. Coptis teeta Wall.
4. Coptis quiquefolia Mig. (台灣黃連)
xuan hu lian:
1. Picrorhiza scrophularfifolia Pennell (胡黃連)
2. Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.(印度胡黃連)
Other names別名：
chuan lian,川蓮，wei lian 味蓮 (Coptis chinensis Franch.),
ya lian 雅蓮 (Coptis deltodea C.Y Cheng et Hsiao) ,
yun lian雲蓮 (Cotis teeta Wall.)
Common Name英文名：
coptis rhizome (huang lian)
Figwortflower, Picrorhiza Rhizome (xuan hu lian)
Distribution分佈﹕
huang lian: Sichuan四川, Xizang 西藏, Hubei 湖北, Jiangxi 江西, Shanxi 陝西 , Shanxi 江西
xuan hu lian: Yunnan, Xizang, Nepal, India,
Properties (characteristics)性味:
bitter in taste; cool
苦 ， 寒 。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
heart, large intestine, liver, and stomach channels.
心﹐大腸﹐肝﹐胃。
Actions & Indications主治：
Relief heat toxicity, indigestion, diabetes, inflammation of intestine, diarrhea caused by bacterial infection, high fever, restlessness and insomnia, spitting blood, nose bleeding due to heat in blood, red eyes and excess stomach acid, tooth ache, boils.
External uses: inflammation of the cornea, middle ear infection, ulceration of tongue and mouth, external ear infection and eczema.
Jiu huang lian: for heat in the upper part of the body like red eyes, sores in the mouth.
Jiang huang lian: for clearing the stomach, stop vomiting; for coldness and heat intertwined in the abdomen area.
Yu huang lian: for relieving the liver, stop vomiting; for liver and stomach not in harmony, vomiting and excess stomach acid.
用於濕熱肝脾腫脹，黃疸，消化不良﹐糖尿病﹐嘔吐瀉痢，高熱神昏﹐心火亢盛﹐心煩不寐 ，
血熱吐衄，目赤吞酸，牙痛，癱腫疔瘡。
外治: 濕疹，濕瘡，耳道流膿。
酒黃連﹕清上焦火熱。用於目赤，口瘡 。
薑黃連﹕清胃和胃止嘔。用於寒熱互結，瀛熱中阻，痞滿嘔吐。
萸黃連﹕舒肝和胃止嘔。用於肝胃不和，嘔吐吞酸。
Medical function药理：
1. antibiotic and anti-amoeba
2. effect on heart and blood vessels
(1) small amount improves coronary blood vessel circulation while large amount suppresses it.
(2) protects heart muscles in case of lack of blood circulation and anti arrhythmia.
(3) relaxes blood vessels
(4) anti palette coagulation
(5) shrinks red blood cells
(6) lowers blood sugar
3. small amount improves function of acetylcholine while large amount suppresses it.
4. decoction of huang lian 5mg/ml/1 hr, kills 99.8% of H. pylori in vitro.[1]
Huang lian possesses calcium channel blocker and it can prolong purkinje′s fibre
黃連具有鈣離子通道阻滯作用，可以延長蒲肯野纖維和心
室肌細胞的動作電位時間和有效不應期[2]
黃連屬第三類抗心律失常藥，且沒有發現其致心律失
常和明顯副作用[3]
Samples of formulae處方舉例：
huang lian e jiao tang 黃連阿膠湯
san huang xie xin tang 三黄瀉心湯
Chemical ingredients化學成份：
erberine C20H17NO3 小檗碱
colchicine C21H25NO5 秋水仙胺
coptisine C19H15NO5 黃連鹹
worenine C21H15NO4 甲基川連鹼
palmatine C22HC24 H24O5 N.OHO5NOH 棕鹼
jatrorrhizine 藥根碱
magnoflorine 木蘭鹼
See:Chemical ingredients of xian hu lian
Dosage用量：
1.5 to 20 g. Concentrated extract: 0.5 g to 2 g.
1.5～20克；濃縮中藥：0.5～2 克
Toxicity不良反應：
It is being used in wind heat type of cold or flu. Not to to be used in cases of wind cold type type of cold or flu and deficient type of syndromes.
Normal dosage is relatively safe with few side effects and no adverse effects from long term use. Large dosage can be toxic.
Not to use in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Clinical experiences and laboratory studies show that the toxic reactions include:
1. acute deprivation of oxygen of the brain due to cardiac function
2. shock due to allergenic reaction
3. rash
4. dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, anxiety and fright, short of breath, joint pain
5. diarrhea, flatulence, rumbling noise in the intestines, frequent urination
6. decrease of heme and blood cells
7. report of sudden stoppage of circulation and breathing due to venous feeding of injectiones of huang lian
患有葡萄糖-六-磷酸鹽去氫酵素缺乏症(蠶豆 症)之病人忌用。
只適用於風熱感冒和實熱性病証。不可用於風 寒感冒和虛寒証。
臨床和實驗研究表明，本品有以下毒副反應：[1]
1. 急性心源性腦缺氧综合征；
2. 過敏性休克；
3. 麻疹样药疹和荨麻疹型药疹；
4. 頭晕,耳鳴,惡心,嘔吐,心慌,氣短,關節痛等；
5. 腹瀉,腹脹,腸鳴,多尿；
6. 血色素及血细胞减少。
7. 静滴黄連素曾引致三例循環呼吸骤停。
[1]四 川省农业信息工程技术研究中心
Chemical ingredients of hu huang liang (Picrorhiza scrophularfifolia Pennell)胡黃連化學成份﹕
Roots of Picrorhiza scrophularfifolia Pennell contain:
胡黄連根含:
Kutkin 3.4%*
胡黄連素 3.4%*
D—Mannitol 0．5%
D—甘露醇 0．5%
Vanillic acid 0．1%
香 荚藍酸 0．1%
Kutkiol
胡黄連醇
Kutkisterol 0.18％
黄連甾醇 0.18％
Apocynin
香荚藍乙酮
Kutkin is not a simple chemical compound, it is:
胡黄連素并不是一个的 簡單化合物, 它是﹕
a stable crystalized mixture of Picroside I and Kutkoside and contains Picroside II
胡黄連苦甙I和胡黄連甙的稳定混晶, 並含﹕胡黄連苦甙Ⅱ
Fruits contain:
果實含:
vitamin C
抗壞血酸
sugar
糖类
starch
澱粉
protein
蛋白質
Roots and stems contain:
根茎含:
iridoid glycoside. The ingredients are: picroside I﹐II﹐III
環烯醚萜甙成分為胡黄連甙I﹐II﹐III
free organic acid: Vanillic Acid, Cinnamic acid and ferulic acid.
游离有机酸，主要為香草酸﹐桂皮酸﹐阿魏酸。
Hu huang lian belongs to controlled material of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), under append. II (permit required for import and export trade):
胡黃連屬於《華約》附錄二品種 管 制的藥材種類。 須 按 預先申請的許可証進行貿易 。
[1] 劉波 李雪駝 等. 中國科學院大連化學 物理研究所生物技術部,大連116023
[2] 馬英，朱飛奇．黃連素的藥理研究進展及在心血管、神經系
統疾病的應用前景[J]．鄖陽醫學院學報，2006，25(6)：377
[3] Zong XH， Zeng XJ， LiYY， et a1． Efficacy and safety of berberine for congestive hean failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy [J ]． Am J Cardiol，2003，92 (2)：173—176
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