Formula 13 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy
Syndrome:
脈沉而有力 pulse is deep and strong
Composition:
半夏瀉心湯 ban xia xie xin tang 3g
吳茱萸湯 wu zhu yu tang 2g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
丹參 dan shen 1g
貝母 bei mu 1g
牡蠣 mu li 1.5g
厚朴 hou po 2g
香附 xiang fu 1.5g
細辛 xi xin 1.5g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g
Wednesday, December 28, 2011
ban xia 半夏
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
Latin botanical name拉丁學名：
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit
Common Name英文名：
pinellia rhizome
Other Name別名:
san bu tiao, lie dao cao, di ba dou, ma yu guo, di lei gong, di wen
三不掉，裂刀草，地巴豆， 麻芋果，地雷公，地文
Distribution分佈：
Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Guizhou, Anhui
四川，湖北，河南，贵州，安徽。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
acrid, warm, toxic (especially raw ban xia)
辛，温，有毒 （尤其是生半夏）。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
lung, spleen, stomach
肺，脾，胃。
Actions & Indications主治：
stops vomiting, promote vomiting, rids of phlegm nodules, calming, lower pressure in the eyes.
燥濕祛痰，止 嘔，散結消痞，催吐，鎮靜，降眼壓。
1. Sheng ban xia: raw, not processed. It is washed, rid of external skin, and fine roots then dry under the sun. It is toxic. Usually it is for external use.
2. Qing ban xia: those have been soaked in alum water solution. Often it is used in transforming phlegm
3. Jiang ban xia: those have been soak in ginger (jiang) and alum solution. It is effective in stopping vomiting.
4. Fa ban xia: those have been soak in gan cao and lime water solution. It is effective in getting rid of dampness.
5. ban xia qu: made from ground fa ban xia with added wheat flour and make into the shape of cookie and fermented. It is effective in transforming phlegm and in helping digestion.
1. 生半夏﹕加 清水浸泡，至切開中心無白心時﹐取出，瀝乾水份。切片约３ｍｍ厚。晒乾或用文火烘乾。生 半夏力強 而有 毒﹐外 用於消 腫散結。因有毒一 般不內服。
2. 清半夏：經白礬水浸漬者。常用於 化痰。
3. 姜半夏：用生薑，白礬水浸漬者。常用於止 嘔。
4. 法半夏：經甘草，石灰液浸漬者。常用於燥 濕。
5. 半夏麴：法半夏研細加麵粉，製成餅狀並發酵者。常用於化 痰消食。
Chemical Ingredients化學成份:
β-sitosterol β-谷甾醇; choline 胆碱; daucosterol 胡蘿蔔甾醇;
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 3,4二羥基苯甲醛 ; coniine 毒芹鹼 ; protoanemonin 原白頭翁素; 1-ephedrine hydrochloride 1-麻黃鹼鹽酸鹽, guanosine 鳥苷. homogentisic acid 龍胆酸.
Dosage用量：
4.5 to 12 g. According to Ke Xue Zhong Yao: 0.5 to 2 g
per day. Adjust the dosage according to syndrome and
body condition.
4.5 to 12 克。濃 縮中藥：0.5～2.0克 。可 依病症
與體質酌 量增減使用量。
Cautions注意：
do not use in any cough with bleeding due to yinxu. Use caution in cases of heat. Not compatible with wu tou.
Raw ban xia (sheng ban xia) is very toxic.
Antidote: use sheng jiang (raw ginger) juice, or just sheng jiang (ginger) mung bean, fang feng, gan cao to make into decoction. Drink frequently to rid of toxin.
陰虛咳血不可用。有熱者小心應用。反烏頭。生半夏有大毒。
中毒可用生薑汁或生薑，綠豆， 防風，甘草煎湯頻服以解毒。
<ban xia xie xin tang 半夏瀉心湯>
Name of Formula: ban xia xie xin tang (Shang Han Lun)
Application: acute or chronic gastritis, inflammation of intestine, gastric dilation, gastric prolapse, ulcer of stomach, ulcer of duodenum, neurotic type of vomiting, gastric neurosis, digestive tract disorder caused by medication.
Composition:
fa ban xiao, 9 g, huang qin 8 g, ren shen 6 g, bakedi gan cao 6 g, gang jiang 6 g, huang lian 4 g, da zao 12 pieces (cut open)
Add water and make into decoction. Use as tea anytime while warm.
方名：半夏瀉心湯 《傷寒論 》
臨床應用： 常用於急慢性胃炎、腸炎、胃擴張症、胃酸 過多症、胃下垂、胃及十二指腸潰瘍、神經性嘔吐、胃腸神經官能症、誤藥或西藥引起的胃腸障礙等。
組成:
法半 夏 9 克， 黃 芩 8 克，人 參 6 克，炙甘 草 6克 ， 乾薑 6 克， 川 蓮 4 克，
大 棗12枚 切開。
水煎。不拘時溫服。
Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
Latin botanical name拉丁學名：
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit
Common Name英文名：
pinellia rhizome
Other Name別名:
san bu tiao, lie dao cao, di ba dou, ma yu guo, di lei gong, di wen
三不掉，裂刀草，地巴豆， 麻芋果，地雷公，地文
Distribution分佈：
Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Guizhou, Anhui
四川，湖北，河南，贵州，安徽。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
acrid, warm, toxic (especially raw ban xia)
辛，温，有毒 （尤其是生半夏）。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
lung, spleen, stomach
肺，脾，胃。
Actions & Indications主治：
stops vomiting, promote vomiting, rids of phlegm nodules, calming, lower pressure in the eyes.
燥濕祛痰，止 嘔，散結消痞，催吐，鎮靜，降眼壓。
1. Sheng ban xia: raw, not processed. It is washed, rid of external skin, and fine roots then dry under the sun. It is toxic. Usually it is for external use.
2. Qing ban xia: those have been soaked in alum water solution. Often it is used in transforming phlegm
3. Jiang ban xia: those have been soak in ginger (jiang) and alum solution. It is effective in stopping vomiting.
4. Fa ban xia: those have been soak in gan cao and lime water solution. It is effective in getting rid of dampness.
5. ban xia qu: made from ground fa ban xia with added wheat flour and make into the shape of cookie and fermented. It is effective in transforming phlegm and in helping digestion.
1. 生半夏﹕加 清水浸泡，至切開中心無白心時﹐取出，瀝乾水份。切片约３ｍｍ厚。晒乾或用文火烘乾。生 半夏力強 而有 毒﹐外 用於消 腫散結。因有毒一 般不內服。
2. 清半夏：經白礬水浸漬者。常用於 化痰。
3. 姜半夏：用生薑，白礬水浸漬者。常用於止 嘔。
4. 法半夏：經甘草，石灰液浸漬者。常用於燥 濕。
5. 半夏麴：法半夏研細加麵粉，製成餅狀並發酵者。常用於化 痰消食。
Chemical Ingredients化學成份:
β-sitosterol β-谷甾醇; choline 胆碱; daucosterol 胡蘿蔔甾醇;
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 3,4二羥基苯甲醛 ; coniine 毒芹鹼 ; protoanemonin 原白頭翁素; 1-ephedrine hydrochloride 1-麻黃鹼鹽酸鹽, guanosine 鳥苷. homogentisic acid 龍胆酸.
Dosage用量：
4.5 to 12 g. According to Ke Xue Zhong Yao: 0.5 to 2 g
per day. Adjust the dosage according to syndrome and
body condition.
4.5 to 12 克。濃 縮中藥：0.5～2.0克 。可 依病症
與體質酌 量增減使用量。
Cautions注意：
do not use in any cough with bleeding due to yinxu. Use caution in cases of heat. Not compatible with wu tou.
Raw ban xia (sheng ban xia) is very toxic.
Antidote: use sheng jiang (raw ginger) juice, or just sheng jiang (ginger) mung bean, fang feng, gan cao to make into decoction. Drink frequently to rid of toxin.
陰虛咳血不可用。有熱者小心應用。反烏頭。生半夏有大毒。
中毒可用生薑汁或生薑，綠豆， 防風，甘草煎湯頻服以解毒。
<ban xia xie xin tang 半夏瀉心湯>
Name of Formula: ban xia xie xin tang (Shang Han Lun)
Application: acute or chronic gastritis, inflammation of intestine, gastric dilation, gastric prolapse, ulcer of stomach, ulcer of duodenum, neurotic type of vomiting, gastric neurosis, digestive tract disorder caused by medication.
Composition:
fa ban xiao, 9 g, huang qin 8 g, ren shen 6 g, bakedi gan cao 6 g, gang jiang 6 g, huang lian 4 g, da zao 12 pieces (cut open)
Add water and make into decoction. Use as tea anytime while warm.
方名：半夏瀉心湯 《傷寒論 》
臨床應用： 常用於急慢性胃炎、腸炎、胃擴張症、胃酸 過多症、胃下垂、胃及十二指腸潰瘍、神經性嘔吐、胃腸神經官能症、誤藥或西藥引起的胃腸障礙等。
組成:
法半 夏 9 克， 黃 芩 8 克，人 參 6 克，炙甘 草 6克 ， 乾薑 6 克， 川 蓮 4 克，
大 棗12枚 切開。
水煎。不拘時溫服。
wu zhu yu 吳茱萸
Pharmaceutical name英文藥名：
Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae
Latin botanical name拉丁學名：
Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.,
Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang,
Common Name英文名：
evodia fruit
Other Names別名：
wu yu 吳萸，qu yao zi 曲藥子，fu la zi 伏辣子，cha la 茶辣，chou pao zi 臭泡子。
Distribution分佈：
Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang
贵州， 四川，廣西，湖南，云南， 陝西， 浙江。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
acrid, bitter, hot, mildly toxic.
辛，苦，熱，有小毒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
kidney, liver, spleen, stomach
腎，肝，脾，胃。
Actions & Indications主治：
warms the middle, lower qi, rids of cold of stomach, lower blood pressure, for vomiting, excess acid of stomach, pain in solar plexus, cold type of hernia, cold and dampness of swelling of legs. Lead fire downward.
溫 中 下 氣 ， 止 痛 除 濕 ， 善 於 溫 散 肝 胃 之 寒 ， 降 血 壓。
嘔 吐 吞 酸 ， 胃 脘 痛 ， 腹 內 絞 痛 ， 泄 瀉 ， 寒 疝 痛 ， 寒 濕 腳 氣 。
Medical Function药理：
Relaxes blood vessels by promoting the excitement of the inner skin of blood vessels, clearing the pathway of calcium ion, and releasing nitrogen oxide.
促進血管內皮興奮，打通鈣離子的通道，釋放出一氧化氮，以致放鬆血管。
抑制血小板聚集。抑制血小板血栓及纖維蛋白血栓形成。
鎮痛，升高體溫作用，大量時能興奮中樞，並引起視力障礙﹐錯覺。
Chemical ingredients化學成份：
1.limonin 檸檬內酯 [1];rutaevine 吳茱萸苦素[2]; evodol吳茱萸內酯醇[3]; obacunone 黃柏酮[4]; rutaevine acetate 吳茱萸苦素乙酯[5]; 12 alpha-hydroxylimonin 12 a-羥基檸檬內酯; 12 alpha-hydroxyevodol 12 a-羥基吳茱萸內酯醇[6]; 6alpha-acetoxy-5-epilimonin; 6alpha-acetoxy-5-epilimonin[6,7]; Jangomolide[8]; GraucinA[9].
2. (1).evocarpine 吳茱萸卡品鹼[10]; dihydroevocarpine; 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone; 1-methyl-2-pentadecenyl-4(1H)-quinolone[11]; 1-methyl-2-[(Z) -6 -undecenyl]-4 (1H)-quinolone; 1-methyl-2-[Z) -6-pentadecenyl]-4 (1H) -quinolone;1-methyl-2-[(Z)-10-pentadeceny;]-4 (1H)-quinolone; 1-methyl-2-(6Z, 9Z)-6, 9-pentadecadienyl) -4 (1H) -quinolone; 1-methyl-2-([4Z, 7Z]) -4, 7-tridecxadienyl) -4 (1H)-quinolone[6].
(2). evodiamine; rutaecarpine; wuchuyine; hydroxyevodiamine 羥基吳茱萸鹼; dihydrorutaecarpine; 14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine[12];Goshuyuamide-I, Goshuyuamide-II[13]; evodiamide[14].
(3).N, N-diumethyl-5-methoxy tryptamine; N-methylanthranylamide; disynephrine[15]; cGMP[16].
3. arachidoside; isopentenyl-flavone[17].
4. evoden; alpha-ocimene; cis-beta-ocimene.
5. evodinone; evogin[18].
Dosage用量：
3 to 9 g. Use with gan cao to reduce side effects.
3～9克。加甘草可以减輕其副作用。
Samples of formulae:
For headaches caused by vasomoter dysfunction:
Name of formula: wu zhu yu tang
Composition: wu zhu yu, ren shen, da zao, shen jiang.
吳茱萸湯﹕由吳茱萸﹐人參﹐大棗﹐生姜四味所組成，所治的厥陰頭痛，即血管神經性 頭痛。
Modern Research现代研究：
"Antidementic Drug Discovery from Oriental Herb Medicine: Dehydroevodiamine.HCl (DHED) extracted from Evodia Rutaecarpa Bentham prevents Impairment of Learning and Memory and Neuronal loss" - Cheol Hyoung Park (Korea).
Feeding the decoction to dogs, showed that it lowered the blood pressure but when combined with gan cao, the effect disappeared. The lowering of blood pressure is the result of the expansion of the peripheral blood vessels and it is caused by secretion of histamine. The decoction showed that it affect the activities of the small intestine of rabbits. Higher concentration of decoction inhibited the activities and lower concentration of it enhanced the activities.
用其煎劑給狗灌胃，有明顯的降壓作用，但與甘草配伍，其降壓作用消失。其壓降作用主要是擴張外周血管所致，且與組織胺釋放有關。其煎劑對家兔小腸活動的影響。低濃度時興奮，高濃度時抑制。
Cautions禁忌：
not suitable for shi zheng (strong pattern) , yinxu (yin deficient) and high fire body type.
不適用於實證, 陰虛火旺之體質。
陰虛火旺症状： 陰莖強硬不倒，精液自流，頭暈神疲，失眠多夢，腰膝酸軟，五心煩熱，口乾盜汗，舌紅少苔，脈細數。
Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae
Latin botanical name拉丁學名：
Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.,
Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang,
Common Name英文名：
evodia fruit
Other Names別名：
wu yu 吳萸，qu yao zi 曲藥子，fu la zi 伏辣子，cha la 茶辣，chou pao zi 臭泡子。
Distribution分佈：
Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang
贵州， 四川，廣西，湖南，云南， 陝西， 浙江。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
acrid, bitter, hot, mildly toxic.
辛，苦，熱，有小毒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
kidney, liver, spleen, stomach
腎，肝，脾，胃。
Actions & Indications主治：
warms the middle, lower qi, rids of cold of stomach, lower blood pressure, for vomiting, excess acid of stomach, pain in solar plexus, cold type of hernia, cold and dampness of swelling of legs. Lead fire downward.
溫 中 下 氣 ， 止 痛 除 濕 ， 善 於 溫 散 肝 胃 之 寒 ， 降 血 壓。
嘔 吐 吞 酸 ， 胃 脘 痛 ， 腹 內 絞 痛 ， 泄 瀉 ， 寒 疝 痛 ， 寒 濕 腳 氣 。
Medical Function药理：
Relaxes blood vessels by promoting the excitement of the inner skin of blood vessels, clearing the pathway of calcium ion, and releasing nitrogen oxide.
促進血管內皮興奮，打通鈣離子的通道，釋放出一氧化氮，以致放鬆血管。
抑制血小板聚集。抑制血小板血栓及纖維蛋白血栓形成。
鎮痛，升高體溫作用，大量時能興奮中樞，並引起視力障礙﹐錯覺。
Chemical ingredients化學成份：
1.limonin 檸檬內酯 [1];rutaevine 吳茱萸苦素[2]; evodol吳茱萸內酯醇[3]; obacunone 黃柏酮[4]; rutaevine acetate 吳茱萸苦素乙酯[5]; 12 alpha-hydroxylimonin 12 a-羥基檸檬內酯; 12 alpha-hydroxyevodol 12 a-羥基吳茱萸內酯醇[6]; 6alpha-acetoxy-5-epilimonin; 6alpha-acetoxy-5-epilimonin[6,7]; Jangomolide[8]; GraucinA[9].
2. (1).evocarpine 吳茱萸卡品鹼[10]; dihydroevocarpine; 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone; 1-methyl-2-pentadecenyl-4(1H)-quinolone[11]; 1-methyl-2-[(Z) -6 -undecenyl]-4 (1H)-quinolone; 1-methyl-2-[Z) -6-pentadecenyl]-4 (1H) -quinolone;1-methyl-2-[(Z)-10-pentadeceny;]-4 (1H)-quinolone; 1-methyl-2-(6Z, 9Z)-6, 9-pentadecadienyl) -4 (1H) -quinolone; 1-methyl-2-([4Z, 7Z]) -4, 7-tridecxadienyl) -4 (1H)-quinolone[6].
(2). evodiamine; rutaecarpine; wuchuyine; hydroxyevodiamine 羥基吳茱萸鹼; dihydrorutaecarpine; 14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine[12];Goshuyuamide-I, Goshuyuamide-II[13]; evodiamide[14].
(3).N, N-diumethyl-5-methoxy tryptamine; N-methylanthranylamide; disynephrine[15]; cGMP[16].
3. arachidoside; isopentenyl-flavone[17].
4. evoden; alpha-ocimene; cis-beta-ocimene.
5. evodinone; evogin[18].
Dosage用量：
3 to 9 g. Use with gan cao to reduce side effects.
3～9克。加甘草可以减輕其副作用。
Samples of formulae:
For headaches caused by vasomoter dysfunction:
Name of formula: wu zhu yu tang
Composition: wu zhu yu, ren shen, da zao, shen jiang.
吳茱萸湯﹕由吳茱萸﹐人參﹐大棗﹐生姜四味所組成，所治的厥陰頭痛，即血管神經性 頭痛。
Modern Research现代研究：
"Antidementic Drug Discovery from Oriental Herb Medicine: Dehydroevodiamine.HCl (DHED) extracted from Evodia Rutaecarpa Bentham prevents Impairment of Learning and Memory and Neuronal loss" - Cheol Hyoung Park (Korea).
Feeding the decoction to dogs, showed that it lowered the blood pressure but when combined with gan cao, the effect disappeared. The lowering of blood pressure is the result of the expansion of the peripheral blood vessels and it is caused by secretion of histamine. The decoction showed that it affect the activities of the small intestine of rabbits. Higher concentration of decoction inhibited the activities and lower concentration of it enhanced the activities.
用其煎劑給狗灌胃，有明顯的降壓作用，但與甘草配伍，其降壓作用消失。其壓降作用主要是擴張外周血管所致，且與組織胺釋放有關。其煎劑對家兔小腸活動的影響。低濃度時興奮，高濃度時抑制。
Cautions禁忌：
not suitable for shi zheng (strong pattern) , yinxu (yin deficient) and high fire body type.
不適用於實證, 陰虛火旺之體質。
陰虛火旺症状： 陰莖強硬不倒，精液自流，頭暈神疲，失眠多夢，腰膝酸軟，五心煩熱，口乾盜汗，舌紅少苔，脈細數。
mu li 牡蠣
Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕
Concha Ostreae
Botanical name學名﹕
Ostrea cucullata, Born.
Other Names (Prescription names)別名 (處方名) ﹕
mu li 牡蠣、mu li 牡力、sheng (raw) mu li 生牡蠣、sheng (raw) mu li 生牡力、
duan (burnt) mu li 煅牡蠣、duan （burnt) mu li 煅牡力、mu li fen (powder)
牡蠣粉等。
When the prescription is written as mu li 牡蠣、牡力 it is raw mu li. It is the
shells that have been washed and dried under the sun and smashed. Duan (
burnt) mu li 煅牡蠣 also written as 煅牡力 are those have been baked on
smokeless fire till become white and being cooled down and smashed.
處方中寫牡蠣、牡力指生牡蠣（或寫作生牡力）。為原藥洗淨晒干，碾碎
入藥者。
煅牡蠣又寫作煅牡力。為淨牡蠣置於無煙火上煅燒至灰白色，取出放涼，
碾碎入藥者。
Common Name英文名﹕
oyster shell
Distribution產地﹕
The herb is being produced along the coastal areas of China.
中國沿海各地。
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
salty, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic.
味鹹，性平，微寒無毒 。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver, kidney.
肝，腎。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
1. Liver yang ascending with dizziness and blurry vision.
2. swelling in the lymphatic glands
3. organ prolapse
4. neutralizing acid with baked mu li
1. 肝 陽 上 亢 ， 頭 暈 目 眩 。
2. 痰 核 ， 瘰 鬁 ， 癥 瘕 積 聚 等 證 。
3. 滑 脫 諸 證 。
4. 煆 牡 蠣 有 收 斂 制 酸 作 用 ， 可 治 胃 痛 泛 酸 。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕
calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, organic compounds, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, ferric oxide etc..
碳酸鈣，磷酸鈣，硫酸鈣，有機化合物， 鎂，鋁，矽，氧化鐵等。
Dosage用量﹕
10 to 30 g in decoction.
Smash first before boiling. Use raw mu li except in neutralizing
acid. To neutralizing acid use baked mu li.
10 - 30 克,煎 服。
宜 打 碎 先 煎 ； 除 收 斂 固 澀 煆 用 外 ， 餘 皆 生 用。
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
Incompatible with ma huang, xi xin, wu zhu yu, Not to use when the body is
weak and with condition of yangxu (yang deficient), or with condition of shenxu (kidney deficient) without heat. Those with spermatorrhea due to coldness also
should not use.
惡麻 黃、細 辛、吳茱萸，滷砂。凡病虛而 陽虛 者忌。腎虛無火，寒精自出者亦忌。
Concha Ostreae
Botanical name學名﹕
Ostrea cucullata, Born.
Other Names (Prescription names)別名 (處方名) ﹕
mu li 牡蠣、mu li 牡力、sheng (raw) mu li 生牡蠣、sheng (raw) mu li 生牡力、
duan (burnt) mu li 煅牡蠣、duan （burnt) mu li 煅牡力、mu li fen (powder)
牡蠣粉等。
When the prescription is written as mu li 牡蠣、牡力 it is raw mu li. It is the
shells that have been washed and dried under the sun and smashed. Duan (
burnt) mu li 煅牡蠣 also written as 煅牡力 are those have been baked on
smokeless fire till become white and being cooled down and smashed.
處方中寫牡蠣、牡力指生牡蠣（或寫作生牡力）。為原藥洗淨晒干，碾碎
入藥者。
煅牡蠣又寫作煅牡力。為淨牡蠣置於無煙火上煅燒至灰白色，取出放涼，
碾碎入藥者。
Common Name英文名﹕
oyster shell
Distribution產地﹕
The herb is being produced along the coastal areas of China.
中國沿海各地。
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
salty, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic.
味鹹，性平，微寒無毒 。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver, kidney.
肝，腎。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
1. Liver yang ascending with dizziness and blurry vision.
2. swelling in the lymphatic glands
3. organ prolapse
4. neutralizing acid with baked mu li
1. 肝 陽 上 亢 ， 頭 暈 目 眩 。
2. 痰 核 ， 瘰 鬁 ， 癥 瘕 積 聚 等 證 。
3. 滑 脫 諸 證 。
4. 煆 牡 蠣 有 收 斂 制 酸 作 用 ， 可 治 胃 痛 泛 酸 。
Chemical ingredients化學成份﹕
calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, organic compounds, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, ferric oxide etc..
碳酸鈣，磷酸鈣，硫酸鈣，有機化合物， 鎂，鋁，矽，氧化鐵等。
Dosage用量﹕
10 to 30 g in decoction.
Smash first before boiling. Use raw mu li except in neutralizing
acid. To neutralizing acid use baked mu li.
10 - 30 克,煎 服。
宜 打 碎 先 煎 ； 除 收 斂 固 澀 煆 用 外 ， 餘 皆 生 用。
Toxicity & Cautions毒素與禁忌﹕
Incompatible with ma huang, xi xin, wu zhu yu, Not to use when the body is
weak and with condition of yangxu (yang deficient), or with condition of shenxu (kidney deficient) without heat. Those with spermatorrhea due to coldness also
should not use.
惡麻 黃、細 辛、吳茱萸，滷砂。凡病虛而 陽虛 者忌。腎虛無火，寒精自出者亦忌。
bei mu貝母
Chuan bei mu 川 貝 母
Zhe bei mu 浙 貝 母
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
chuan bei mu/ Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
zhe bei mu/ Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
Other Names別名：
chuan bei mu: chuan bei 川貝, jian bei mu 尖貝母
zhe bei mu: zhe bei 浙貝, xiang bei 象貝, da bei mu 大貝母
Common Name: tendrilled fritillaria blb, fritillaria
Prescription Names處方名﹕
chuan bei, zhe bei, dong bei, da bei, yuan bao bei, zhu bei.
川貝﹐浙貝﹐東貝﹐大貝﹐元寶貝﹐珠貝。
Distribution分佈：
chuan bei mu: Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang
zhe bei mu: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan
川貝母：四川，云南，西藏。
浙貝母：浙江，江蘇，安徽，湖南。
Properties (characteristics)藥性:
chuan bei mu/ mildly cold, sweet, bitter
zhe bei mu/ bitter cold
川貝母: 性微寒，味甘苦 。
浙貝母: 苦，寒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經:
heart, lung
心, 肺
Actions & Indications功用:
Clears lung heat and rids of phlegm, hot cough due to yinxu with thick phlegm, breast scrofula, nodules, external application for boils.
Chuan bei mu is mildly cold and good for moisturizing: chronic cough that injured yin ( into yinxu), dry cough without phlegm.
zhe bei mu is colder than chuan bei mu: its purging is stronger than chuan bei mu. It is used for getting rid of stagnant phlegm, stopping cough, scrofula and boils. Suitable for cough with yellow phlegm.
潤肺散結，止咳化痰。肺 熱 ，陰虛 咳 嗽 痰 稠 ， 肺癰，乳 腺 炎 ， 肺 虛 ， 瘰 瘳 ， 久 咳 ， 外治惡瘡。
川貝母苦甘微寒，以滋潤見長，用於肺燥咳嗽及久咳傷陰，乾咳無痰的。
浙貝母苦寒，寒性大於川貝，開泄力大。適用於外感風邪，用於清肺散結，化痰止咳，瘰癧痰核，癰腫瘡毒之證。有黃痰者適用。
Medical Function:
1. Suppress cough and expels phlegm.
2. Small amount of the saponin can raise blood pressure of dogs, cats, and rabbits while large amount can lower it.
3. injection of 7.5 ml/kg peimine to rabbits, increased blood sugar and it was able to maintain it for more than 2 hours [3]
4. antibiotic effect.
祛痰止咳。
小量的貝母之皂素能增高貓，狗，兔子的血壓。大量則能降低其血壓。
給兔子注射7.5ml/kg 貝母甲素能增高其血糖并能维持多過2小時。
有抗生素之作用。
Chemical Ingredients化學成份:
1. Chuan bei mu (川貝母): chinpeimine, sonpeimine, fritimine, sipemine.
2. An zi bei mu (暗紫貝母): songbeisine, 26-Imino-17, 23beta-oxido-5alpha-jerv-12-en-11-oxo-3beta-ol[1].
3. Gansu bei mu (甘肅貝母): minpeimine, minpeiminine.
4. Suo sha bei mu (梭砂貝母): Imperialine, Delavine, Delavinone[2], Chuanbeinone[3], Dalafrinone [(22S, 25S) -3beta, 16Beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-cevanin-6-one], Dalafrine[ (22S, 25S) -5alpha-cevanine-3beta, 6beta, 16beta-triol] (22R, 25S) - Solanid-5-enine-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol[4], beilupeimine, fritiminine.
5. Zhe bei mu (浙貝母): peimine, peiminine, propeimine, peimidine, peimiphine, peimisine, peimitidinek, isoverticine, peimisnoside.
Dosage用量:
For decoction: 3 to 10 g. As powder form (mixed in water): 1 to 2 g.
煎服:3克至10克。研粉沖服或調服用1克至2克。
Commonly Used formulae常用配方:
dang gui bei mu ku shen wan, jie geng bai san, yang fei tang.
當歸貝母苦參丸，桔梗白散，養肺湯。
Cautions禁忌:
Not to use by those with pixu (spleen deficient), cold, with wet phlegm and cold cough. Also not to use she dan chuan bei mo, chen pi chuan bei mo, chuan bei mu, fu fang she dan chuan bei mo. Raw bei mu is toxic and not for internal use.
脾虛及有濕痰 寒咳者忌用貝母。 包括：蛇膽川貝末，陳皮川貝末，川貝末，復方蛇膽川貝末。生的貝母有毒， 不可內服。
Zhe bei mu 浙 貝 母
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
chuan bei mu/ Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
zhe bei mu/ Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
Other Names別名：
chuan bei mu: chuan bei 川貝, jian bei mu 尖貝母
zhe bei mu: zhe bei 浙貝, xiang bei 象貝, da bei mu 大貝母
Common Name: tendrilled fritillaria blb, fritillaria
Prescription Names處方名﹕
chuan bei, zhe bei, dong bei, da bei, yuan bao bei, zhu bei.
川貝﹐浙貝﹐東貝﹐大貝﹐元寶貝﹐珠貝。
Distribution分佈：
chuan bei mu: Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang
zhe bei mu: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan
川貝母：四川，云南，西藏。
浙貝母：浙江，江蘇，安徽，湖南。
Properties (characteristics)藥性:
chuan bei mu/ mildly cold, sweet, bitter
zhe bei mu/ bitter cold
川貝母: 性微寒，味甘苦 。
浙貝母: 苦，寒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經:
heart, lung
心, 肺
Actions & Indications功用:
Clears lung heat and rids of phlegm, hot cough due to yinxu with thick phlegm, breast scrofula, nodules, external application for boils.
Chuan bei mu is mildly cold and good for moisturizing: chronic cough that injured yin ( into yinxu), dry cough without phlegm.
zhe bei mu is colder than chuan bei mu: its purging is stronger than chuan bei mu. It is used for getting rid of stagnant phlegm, stopping cough, scrofula and boils. Suitable for cough with yellow phlegm.
潤肺散結，止咳化痰。肺 熱 ，陰虛 咳 嗽 痰 稠 ， 肺癰，乳 腺 炎 ， 肺 虛 ， 瘰 瘳 ， 久 咳 ， 外治惡瘡。
川貝母苦甘微寒，以滋潤見長，用於肺燥咳嗽及久咳傷陰，乾咳無痰的。
浙貝母苦寒，寒性大於川貝，開泄力大。適用於外感風邪，用於清肺散結，化痰止咳，瘰癧痰核，癰腫瘡毒之證。有黃痰者適用。
Medical Function:
1. Suppress cough and expels phlegm.
2. Small amount of the saponin can raise blood pressure of dogs, cats, and rabbits while large amount can lower it.
3. injection of 7.5 ml/kg peimine to rabbits, increased blood sugar and it was able to maintain it for more than 2 hours [3]
4. antibiotic effect.
祛痰止咳。
小量的貝母之皂素能增高貓，狗，兔子的血壓。大量則能降低其血壓。
給兔子注射7.5ml/kg 貝母甲素能增高其血糖并能维持多過2小時。
有抗生素之作用。
Chemical Ingredients化學成份:
1. Chuan bei mu (川貝母): chinpeimine, sonpeimine, fritimine, sipemine.
2. An zi bei mu (暗紫貝母): songbeisine, 26-Imino-17, 23beta-oxido-5alpha-jerv-12-en-11-oxo-3beta-ol[1].
3. Gansu bei mu (甘肅貝母): minpeimine, minpeiminine.
4. Suo sha bei mu (梭砂貝母): Imperialine, Delavine, Delavinone[2], Chuanbeinone[3], Dalafrinone [(22S, 25S) -3beta, 16Beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-cevanin-6-one], Dalafrine[ (22S, 25S) -5alpha-cevanine-3beta, 6beta, 16beta-triol] (22R, 25S) - Solanid-5-enine-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol[4], beilupeimine, fritiminine.
5. Zhe bei mu (浙貝母): peimine, peiminine, propeimine, peimidine, peimiphine, peimisine, peimitidinek, isoverticine, peimisnoside.
Dosage用量:
For decoction: 3 to 10 g. As powder form (mixed in water): 1 to 2 g.
煎服:3克至10克。研粉沖服或調服用1克至2克。
Commonly Used formulae常用配方:
dang gui bei mu ku shen wan, jie geng bai san, yang fei tang.
當歸貝母苦參丸，桔梗白散，養肺湯。
Cautions禁忌:
Not to use by those with pixu (spleen deficient), cold, with wet phlegm and cold cough. Also not to use she dan chuan bei mo, chen pi chuan bei mo, chuan bei mu, fu fang she dan chuan bei mo. Raw bei mu is toxic and not for internal use.
脾虛及有濕痰 寒咳者忌用貝母。 包括：蛇膽川貝末，陳皮川貝末，川貝末，復方蛇膽川貝末。生的貝母有毒， 不可內服。
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
xiang fu 香附
Pharmaceutical name英文藥名﹕
Cyperus Rhizome
Other Names別名﹕
que tou xiang, xiang fu mi, lei gong tou.
雀頭香﹐香附子﹐香附米﹐雷公頭。
Common Name英文名﹕
purple nutsedge, purple nutgrass, coco sedge, coco grass, nut sedge, nut grass
Distribution產地﹕
all parts of the warm areas of the world, mainly in shandong, Zhejiang, Hunan, Henan provinces of China. Those produced in Shandong is called dong xiang fu and those produced Zhejiang is called nan xiang fu (south xiang fu), which is deemed to be better quality.
分佈於世界各溫暖地區。 主產於山東﹐浙江﹐湖南﹐河南等地區。產于山東的稱東香附﹐產于浙江的稱南香附。品質較佳。
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, mildly bitter, neutral
味辛，甘﹐微苦，性平
Medical functions:
/antibiotic
/anti-inflammation
/anti-pyretic
/lowers blood pressure
/anesthetic
/inhibits contraction of uterus
/the oily part possesses estrogen effect
藥理﹕
/抗菌﹐
/抗炎﹐
/解熱﹐
/降血壓﹐
/鎮痛﹐
/抑制子宮收縮等作用，
/所含的油有微弱的雌激素樣作用。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver, triple burners (san jiao)
肝﹐三焦經。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Improves mood and rid of depression, regulates menses and rid of pain, for ulcers, weak digestion, irregular menses.
理氣解郁，調經止痛。治胃痛，消化不良，月經不調。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
1. For pain during menses: xiang fu 12 g, yi mu cao 12 g, dan shen 15 g, bai shao 10 g. Make into decoction with water. One prescription a day. Make into 2 servings. Start using 3 ~ 5 days before menses.
2. For flatulence, pain in rib cage area, fever and chill, chronic hepatitis, gall bladder diseases, chronic entertitis, ulcer, or cystic mastitis: chai hu shu gan tang
1. 治經痛：香附12克﹐益母草12克﹐丹 参15克﹐白芍10克，水煎服，於經前3～5天開始服用。每日1劑，早晚各服1次 。
2. 治慢 性肝炎、膽病、慢性胃炎、潰瘍病、肋間神經痛、胃神經官能症、乳腺小葉增生和囊性增生病﹕柴 胡疏肝湯
Cautions禁忌﹕
Not to use by itself in cases of xue xu (blood deficient) or qixu (qi deficient). Use care in cases of yinxu (yin deficient) and/or xue re (heat in blood) condition.
血虛 氣虛 者不宜單獨使用。 陰虛 血熱 者慎服[1]
[1]中 華人民共和國國家藥典委員會，中華人民共和國藥典ㄧ部 (2005) ，化學工業出版社
Cyperus Rhizome
Other Names別名﹕
que tou xiang, xiang fu mi, lei gong tou.
雀頭香﹐香附子﹐香附米﹐雷公頭。
Common Name英文名﹕
purple nutsedge, purple nutgrass, coco sedge, coco grass, nut sedge, nut grass
Distribution產地﹕
all parts of the warm areas of the world, mainly in shandong, Zhejiang, Hunan, Henan provinces of China. Those produced in Shandong is called dong xiang fu and those produced Zhejiang is called nan xiang fu (south xiang fu), which is deemed to be better quality.
分佈於世界各溫暖地區。 主產於山東﹐浙江﹐湖南﹐河南等地區。產于山東的稱東香附﹐產于浙江的稱南香附。品質較佳。
Properties(characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, mildly bitter, neutral
味辛，甘﹐微苦，性平
Medical functions:
/antibiotic
/anti-inflammation
/anti-pyretic
/lowers blood pressure
/anesthetic
/inhibits contraction of uterus
/the oily part possesses estrogen effect
藥理﹕
/抗菌﹐
/抗炎﹐
/解熱﹐
/降血壓﹐
/鎮痛﹐
/抑制子宮收縮等作用，
/所含的油有微弱的雌激素樣作用。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
liver, triple burners (san jiao)
肝﹐三焦經。
Actions & Indications主治﹕
Improves mood and rid of depression, regulates menses and rid of pain, for ulcers, weak digestion, irregular menses.
理氣解郁，調經止痛。治胃痛，消化不良，月經不調。
Samples of formulae處方舉例﹕
1. For pain during menses: xiang fu 12 g, yi mu cao 12 g, dan shen 15 g, bai shao 10 g. Make into decoction with water. One prescription a day. Make into 2 servings. Start using 3 ~ 5 days before menses.
2. For flatulence, pain in rib cage area, fever and chill, chronic hepatitis, gall bladder diseases, chronic entertitis, ulcer, or cystic mastitis: chai hu shu gan tang
1. 治經痛：香附12克﹐益母草12克﹐丹 参15克﹐白芍10克，水煎服，於經前3～5天開始服用。每日1劑，早晚各服1次 。
2. 治慢 性肝炎、膽病、慢性胃炎、潰瘍病、肋間神經痛、胃神經官能症、乳腺小葉增生和囊性增生病﹕柴 胡疏肝湯
Cautions禁忌﹕
Not to use by itself in cases of xue xu (blood deficient) or qixu (qi deficient). Use care in cases of yinxu (yin deficient) and/or xue re (heat in blood) condition.
血虛 氣虛 者不宜單獨使用。 陰虛 血熱 者慎服[1]
[1]中 華人民共和國國家藥典委員會，中華人民共和國藥典ㄧ部 (2005) ，化學工業出版社
Monday, November 28, 2011
xi xin 細辛
Pharmaceutical name:
Herba cum Radice Asari
Other Names:
xi shen 细参，yan dai wo hua 烟袋锅花，wan bing cao 万病草。
Common Name:
Chinese wild ginger, asarum, manchurian wildginger
Distribution:
throughout northeastern China, and Shananxi, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian
Properties (characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, warm, toxic to kidney
辛，溫, 對腎臟有毒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
heart, kidney, lung, liver
心、腎、肺、肝
Actions & Indications主治﹕
promotes sweating and disperse cold, warms lungs rid of phlegm. For deafness, ingrown eye lashes; to clear sinus. Use externally for boils in mouth and tongue.
有發表散寒、袪風止痛、溫肺化飲、耳 聾、治倒 睫、宣通鼻竅的功能。外用治口舌生瘡。
Medical Function:
/anti allergy
/anti histamine
/antipyretic and pain relieving
/local anaesthetic
/anti bacteria
藥理作用﹕
/抗過敏作用
/抗組織胺作用
/解熱鎮痛作用
/局部麻醉作用
/抗菌作用
Chemical ingredients:
1. methyl eugenol, alpha-pinene, camphene, abeta-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, limonene, 1, 8-cineole, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, borneol, estragole, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, asarone, myristicin, elemicin, eucarvone, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole.
(+-)-car-3-ene-2, 5-dione, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, 2, 3, 5 -trimethyoxytoluene[3].
kakual, saishinone.
2. terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, naphthalene, n-pentadecane, croweacin[1,2], asarylketone, l-ararinin.
3. bornyl acetate, trimethoxyallylbenzene, I. II, III[5].
Other: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc.
Dosage:
0.4 to 4 g. Classical texts mentioned usage not to go over one qian (3.75 grams).
三分至一錢。
Samples of formulae:
1. for agina: xi xin, gui zhi, jiu bai, dang gui, dan shen
2. for pain in lower back, knees and abdomen: xi xin, du huo, sang ji sheng, chuan duan, wu yao, dang gui
3. for cough due to cold entering lungs: use xiao qing lung tang: xi xin, gan jiang, wu wei zi, ban xia, ma huang, xing ren
4. breast hard, swollen, painful; menses not flowing: xi xin, dang gui, chi shao, chuan qiong (chuan xiong), hong hua, bai zhi, gua lo
5. for pain, itchy, running eyes: xi xin, cao jue min, shi jue ming, yang gan (goat liver), mu zei cao, xia ku cao
1. 治胸痺心痛: 細辛、桂枝、薤白、當歸、丹參
2. 治腰、膝、腹部疼痛: 細辛、獨活、桑寄生、川斷、烏藥、當歸
3. 小青龍湯, 治寒飲犯肺的咳喘: 細辛、乾薑、五味子、半夏、麻黃、杏仁
4 治婦人乳結疼脹，經血不行﹕ 細辛、
當歸、赤芍、川芎、紅花、白芷、瓜蔞
5 治目痛，目癢，流淚﹕ 細辛、草決明、石決明、羊肝、木賊草、夏枯草
Modern Research:
to be loaded
Cautions:
not to use in cases of cold sweat due to qi deficient; headache due to yin deficient and yang over active, cough due to yin deficient and heat in lungs. Not to use with shan zhu yu, huang qi, hua shi, or li lu. Do not use over one qian (3.75 g)
It belongs to the Aristolochia family. This herb is toxic for the kidneys.
本 品 為 馬 兜 鈴 科 植 物 東 北 細 辛 ( Asarum heterotropoides FR. SCHMIDT var. mandshuricum (MAXIM.) KITAG ) 及 同 屬 近 緣 植 物 之 乾 燥 根 及 根 莖 。對腎臟有毒。
氣虛多汗、陰虛陽亢頭痛、陰虛肺熱咳嗽忌服。不宜與山茱臾﹐黃耆﹐滑石 或藜蘆同用。每服不可過一錢。
Herba cum Radice Asari
Other Names:
xi shen 细参，yan dai wo hua 烟袋锅花，wan bing cao 万病草。
Common Name:
Chinese wild ginger, asarum, manchurian wildginger
Distribution:
throughout northeastern China, and Shananxi, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian
Properties (characteristics)性味﹕
acrid, warm, toxic to kidney
辛，溫, 對腎臟有毒。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經﹕
heart, kidney, lung, liver
心、腎、肺、肝
Actions & Indications主治﹕
promotes sweating and disperse cold, warms lungs rid of phlegm. For deafness, ingrown eye lashes; to clear sinus. Use externally for boils in mouth and tongue.
有發表散寒、袪風止痛、溫肺化飲、耳 聾、治倒 睫、宣通鼻竅的功能。外用治口舌生瘡。
Medical Function:
/anti allergy
/anti histamine
/antipyretic and pain relieving
/local anaesthetic
/anti bacteria
藥理作用﹕
/抗過敏作用
/抗組織胺作用
/解熱鎮痛作用
/局部麻醉作用
/抗菌作用
Chemical ingredients:
1. methyl eugenol, alpha-pinene, camphene, abeta-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, limonene, 1, 8-cineole, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, borneol, estragole, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, asarone, myristicin, elemicin, eucarvone, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole.
(+-)-car-3-ene-2, 5-dione, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, 2, 3, 5 -trimethyoxytoluene[3].
kakual, saishinone.
2. terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, naphthalene, n-pentadecane, croweacin[1,2], asarylketone, l-ararinin.
3. bornyl acetate, trimethoxyallylbenzene, I. II, III[5].
Other: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc.
Dosage:
0.4 to 4 g. Classical texts mentioned usage not to go over one qian (3.75 grams).
三分至一錢。
Samples of formulae:
1. for agina: xi xin, gui zhi, jiu bai, dang gui, dan shen
2. for pain in lower back, knees and abdomen: xi xin, du huo, sang ji sheng, chuan duan, wu yao, dang gui
3. for cough due to cold entering lungs: use xiao qing lung tang: xi xin, gan jiang, wu wei zi, ban xia, ma huang, xing ren
4. breast hard, swollen, painful; menses not flowing: xi xin, dang gui, chi shao, chuan qiong (chuan xiong), hong hua, bai zhi, gua lo
5. for pain, itchy, running eyes: xi xin, cao jue min, shi jue ming, yang gan (goat liver), mu zei cao, xia ku cao
1. 治胸痺心痛: 細辛、桂枝、薤白、當歸、丹參
2. 治腰、膝、腹部疼痛: 細辛、獨活、桑寄生、川斷、烏藥、當歸
3. 小青龍湯, 治寒飲犯肺的咳喘: 細辛、乾薑、五味子、半夏、麻黃、杏仁
4 治婦人乳結疼脹，經血不行﹕ 細辛、
當歸、赤芍、川芎、紅花、白芷、瓜蔞
5 治目痛，目癢，流淚﹕ 細辛、草決明、石決明、羊肝、木賊草、夏枯草
Modern Research:
to be loaded
Cautions:
not to use in cases of cold sweat due to qi deficient; headache due to yin deficient and yang over active, cough due to yin deficient and heat in lungs. Not to use with shan zhu yu, huang qi, hua shi, or li lu. Do not use over one qian (3.75 g)
It belongs to the Aristolochia family. This herb is toxic for the kidneys.
本 品 為 馬 兜 鈴 科 植 物 東 北 細 辛 ( Asarum heterotropoides FR. SCHMIDT var. mandshuricum (MAXIM.) KITAG ) 及 同 屬 近 緣 植 物 之 乾 燥 根 及 根 莖 。對腎臟有毒。
氣虛多汗、陰虛陽亢頭痛、陰虛肺熱咳嗽忌服。不宜與山茱臾﹐黃耆﹐滑石 或藜蘆同用。每服不可過一錢。
fu ling(bai) 茯苓(白)
fu ling 茯苓/ fu shen 茯神/ fu ling pi 茯苓皮
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
Sclerotium Poriae Cocos
Other Names別名：
yun ling 雲苓﹐bai fu ling 白茯苓, fang ling kuai 方苓塊﹐chuan ling 串苓﹐huo shen 获神﹐huo shem mu 获神木﹐chi huo ling 赤获苓﹐huo ling pi 获苓皮﹐zhu fu ling朱茯苓.
Common Name英文普通名：
poria, sclerotium of tuckahoe, china root, hoelen
Distribution分佈：
Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan provinces of China
湖 北，安 徽，河南， 云南，贵州等省。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
sweet, bland, neutral
甘﹐淡，平
Channels (meridians) entered歸經:
heart, spleen, lung, kidney
歸心﹐肺﹐脾﹐腎經。
Actions and Indications主治：
as diuretics, in urinary difficulty, diarrhea, water retention, pixu with water retention. Urination difficulty due to damp heat. Pixu with mucus production and headache, dizziness, palpitations, with thick greasy tongue coating. Palpitation, insomnia or forgetfulness, loss of appetite. Inflammation of the uterus and chronic sinusitis.
Note: Balance with other herbs in case yinxu condition.
利水 滲 濕 ﹐ 健 脾 化 痰 ﹐ 寧 心 安 神。濕熱 小
便 不 利 ﹐ 水 濕 停 滯﹔ 脾 虛﹕ 腹 瀉 ﹐ 食 少 脘 悶 ﹐
痰 飲 咳 嗽 ﹐ 痰 濕 入 絡 ﹐ 肩 背 酸 痛 ﹐ 咳 逆 ﹐ 胸 悶 ﹐
心 悸 ﹐ 失 眠 等 。 子 宮 炎 症 ﹐ 慢 性 副 鼻 竇 炎 。
Medical Function药理：
diuretics, reducing plasma glucose, tranquilizing, inhibits bacteria, relaxing effect on smooth muscles, improves immune system .
1. 利 尿
2. 降 血 糖 ﹐
3. 鎮 靜
4. 抑 菌
5. 放鬆平滑肌
6. 增 強 免 疫 功 能
Chemical ingredients化学成分：
pachymose 84.2%, albuninoid 0.68%, fiber 2.84%, pachymaran (3), b-pachyman, b-pachymanase,
pachymic acid, tumulosic acid,eburioic acid, pinicolic acid, 3 b-hydroxy lanosta-7, 9 (11), poricoic acid A (16 a-hydroxy-3,
4-secolanosta-4 (28), 7, 0 (11), 24-trien-21-oic acid, poricoic acid B (16 a-hydroxy-2, 4-secolanosa-4 (28), 7, 9 (11),
24-tetraen-3, 21-dioic acid) (8), Fatty acid:caprylic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, dodecenole acid, palmitic acid. Others:
ergosterol, gum, histadine, choline, chitin, protein, fats, glucose, sterols, histamines, lecithin, lipase, choline, adenine. Other non organic items: SiO2, Mg, P, Fe, Ca, S, Na, K, Mn, Cl.
Dosage用量﹕
5 to 15 g
常 用 量 5 - 15 克 。
Present Day Applications现代應用：
1. Edema
2. Tumors: Fu ling compound was used on 70 different type of tumors. In some cases only fu ling was used, and in others fu ling was used with chemo therapy, or radiation therapy or surgery. It showed that fu ling can strengthen the body, improve body weight, improve appetite, lessen or prevent side effect of chemo therapy, protect bone marrow, improve liver and kidney functions, improve radiation therapy on nose and throat cancers. (2)
3. Infant diarrhea
4. Improve schizoid condition
5. Improve liver function
6. For baldness after giving birth:
Use 10 g of fu ling. Make into decoction. Twice a day. Externally apply bu gu zhi and han lian cao tincture. All of the eight patients healed in two months. Source: Chinese Dermatology Journal.
1. 水腫。
2. 治療癌腫。減低化療的副作用 。
3. 小兒腹瀉。
4. 改善神經分裂症狀。
5. 增進肝臟功能。
6. 產後 禿頭: 每服１０ｇ. 日用二次，加上 外用補骨脂旱蓮草酊劑 (中華皮膚科雜 誌)
Samples of formulae處方舉例：
/ban xia bai zhu tian ma tang 半夏白朮天麻湯
/Ban Xia Hou Po Tang,
/Bao He Wan,
/Bei Mu Gua Lou San,
/du huo ji sheng tang 獨 活寄生湯
/er chen tang 二陳湯
/gui zhi fu ling wan 桂枝 茯苓丸
/Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San,
/jin gui shen qi wan 金櫃腎氣丸
/Liu Wei Di Huang Wan,
/Liu jun zi tang 六君子湯
/ren shen bai du san 人參敗毒散
/Suan Zao Ren Tang,
/Qing fen san (Li Dong Yuan)
/Si Jun Zi Tang,
/Shi Quan Da Bu Tang,
/Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan,
/Wen Dan Tang,
/wu ling san 五苓 散
/Wu Pi San,
/xiao Yao Wan, 逍 遙丸,
/zhen wu tang 真武湯
/Zhu Ling San,
Cautions禁忌：
Not suitable for patients with yinxu (yin deficient) condition. [1]
The characteristics of the herb fu ling is that it is more of a diuretic than a tonic herb. Over usage can weaken the eyes. Not compatible with chronic weakness of the body. [2]
Not to use in cases of shenxu (kidney deficient) with urinary incontinence, or in cases of clear sperm or spermatorrhea due to yangxu (yang deficient). [3]
Not compatible with rice venegar.
《本 草綱目》：“ 陰虛者 不宜用也。”《本草正》：“茯苓，補少利多，故多服最能損目，久弱極不相宜。”《得配本草》：“氣 虛下陷， 水 涸口干俱禁用。”《本 草經疏》 ：“病人腎 虛， 小水自利或不禁或虛寒 (陽 虛)精 清滑，皆不得服。”《藥性論》：“忌米醋。”
[1]Ben Cao Gang Mu
[2] Jin Yue Quan Shu, Ben Cao Zheng
[3] Ben Cao Jing Shu
Fu ling pi (literally means the skin of fu ling) are those fu ling with dark brown skin. It is effective in ridding of skin edema. Normal dosage: 15~30 g.
Chi fu ling is the light red variety. It is also called chi fu shen or zhu fu shen. and is used in treatment of damp-heat.
Bai fu ling (literally means white fu ling) is those after skin or chi fu ling being removed. Also called fu ling.
Yun ling: because of those produced in Yun Nan are famous, thus usually fu ling is called yun ling, denoting it is produced in Yunnan.
Fu shen is the part around the root. Usually it is used as fu ling but considered as a stronger effect on calming emotion.
茯苓皮： 茯苓皮為茯苓菌核的黑色外皮。性味同茯苓，功專行皮膚水濕。多用於皮膚水腫。常用量：15～30 克。
赤茯苓：內部接近外皮處呈淡紅色者。亦稱朱伏神。用來治 濕熱
白茯苓： 除去外皮及赤茯苓後，內部白色的叫白茯苓，簡稱茯苓。
雲苓：因雲南產的比較著名，故通常把茯苓叫雲茯苓或雲苓。
茯神：苓塊中穿有細松根的叫茯神或抱木茯神。一般認為較有安神 作用。
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
Sclerotium Poriae Cocos
Other Names別名：
yun ling 雲苓﹐bai fu ling 白茯苓, fang ling kuai 方苓塊﹐chuan ling 串苓﹐huo shen 获神﹐huo shem mu 获神木﹐chi huo ling 赤获苓﹐huo ling pi 获苓皮﹐zhu fu ling朱茯苓.
Common Name英文普通名：
poria, sclerotium of tuckahoe, china root, hoelen
Distribution分佈：
Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan provinces of China
湖 北，安 徽，河南， 云南，贵州等省。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
sweet, bland, neutral
甘﹐淡，平
Channels (meridians) entered歸經:
heart, spleen, lung, kidney
歸心﹐肺﹐脾﹐腎經。
Actions and Indications主治：
as diuretics, in urinary difficulty, diarrhea, water retention, pixu with water retention. Urination difficulty due to damp heat. Pixu with mucus production and headache, dizziness, palpitations, with thick greasy tongue coating. Palpitation, insomnia or forgetfulness, loss of appetite. Inflammation of the uterus and chronic sinusitis.
Note: Balance with other herbs in case yinxu condition.
利水 滲 濕 ﹐ 健 脾 化 痰 ﹐ 寧 心 安 神。濕熱 小
便 不 利 ﹐ 水 濕 停 滯﹔ 脾 虛﹕ 腹 瀉 ﹐ 食 少 脘 悶 ﹐
痰 飲 咳 嗽 ﹐ 痰 濕 入 絡 ﹐ 肩 背 酸 痛 ﹐ 咳 逆 ﹐ 胸 悶 ﹐
心 悸 ﹐ 失 眠 等 。 子 宮 炎 症 ﹐ 慢 性 副 鼻 竇 炎 。
Medical Function药理：
diuretics, reducing plasma glucose, tranquilizing, inhibits bacteria, relaxing effect on smooth muscles, improves immune system .
1. 利 尿
2. 降 血 糖 ﹐
3. 鎮 靜
4. 抑 菌
5. 放鬆平滑肌
6. 增 強 免 疫 功 能
Chemical ingredients化学成分：
pachymose 84.2%, albuninoid 0.68%, fiber 2.84%, pachymaran (3), b-pachyman, b-pachymanase,
pachymic acid, tumulosic acid,eburioic acid, pinicolic acid, 3 b-hydroxy lanosta-7, 9 (11), poricoic acid A (16 a-hydroxy-3,
4-secolanosta-4 (28), 7, 0 (11), 24-trien-21-oic acid, poricoic acid B (16 a-hydroxy-2, 4-secolanosa-4 (28), 7, 9 (11),
24-tetraen-3, 21-dioic acid) (8), Fatty acid:caprylic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, dodecenole acid, palmitic acid. Others:
ergosterol, gum, histadine, choline, chitin, protein, fats, glucose, sterols, histamines, lecithin, lipase, choline, adenine. Other non organic items: SiO2, Mg, P, Fe, Ca, S, Na, K, Mn, Cl.
Dosage用量﹕
5 to 15 g
常 用 量 5 - 15 克 。
Present Day Applications现代應用：
1. Edema
2. Tumors: Fu ling compound was used on 70 different type of tumors. In some cases only fu ling was used, and in others fu ling was used with chemo therapy, or radiation therapy or surgery. It showed that fu ling can strengthen the body, improve body weight, improve appetite, lessen or prevent side effect of chemo therapy, protect bone marrow, improve liver and kidney functions, improve radiation therapy on nose and throat cancers. (2)
3. Infant diarrhea
4. Improve schizoid condition
5. Improve liver function
6. For baldness after giving birth:
Use 10 g of fu ling. Make into decoction. Twice a day. Externally apply bu gu zhi and han lian cao tincture. All of the eight patients healed in two months. Source: Chinese Dermatology Journal.
1. 水腫。
2. 治療癌腫。減低化療的副作用 。
3. 小兒腹瀉。
4. 改善神經分裂症狀。
5. 增進肝臟功能。
6. 產後 禿頭: 每服１０ｇ. 日用二次，加上 外用補骨脂旱蓮草酊劑 (中華皮膚科雜 誌)
Samples of formulae處方舉例：
/ban xia bai zhu tian ma tang 半夏白朮天麻湯
/Ban Xia Hou Po Tang,
/Bao He Wan,
/Bei Mu Gua Lou San,
/du huo ji sheng tang 獨 活寄生湯
/er chen tang 二陳湯
/gui zhi fu ling wan 桂枝 茯苓丸
/Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San,
/jin gui shen qi wan 金櫃腎氣丸
/Liu Wei Di Huang Wan,
/Liu jun zi tang 六君子湯
/ren shen bai du san 人參敗毒散
/Suan Zao Ren Tang,
/Qing fen san (Li Dong Yuan)
/Si Jun Zi Tang,
/Shi Quan Da Bu Tang,
/Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan,
/Wen Dan Tang,
/wu ling san 五苓 散
/Wu Pi San,
/xiao Yao Wan, 逍 遙丸,
/zhen wu tang 真武湯
/Zhu Ling San,
Cautions禁忌：
Not suitable for patients with yinxu (yin deficient) condition. [1]
The characteristics of the herb fu ling is that it is more of a diuretic than a tonic herb. Over usage can weaken the eyes. Not compatible with chronic weakness of the body. [2]
Not to use in cases of shenxu (kidney deficient) with urinary incontinence, or in cases of clear sperm or spermatorrhea due to yangxu (yang deficient). [3]
Not compatible with rice venegar.
《本 草綱目》：“ 陰虛者 不宜用也。”《本草正》：“茯苓，補少利多，故多服最能損目，久弱極不相宜。”《得配本草》：“氣 虛下陷， 水 涸口干俱禁用。”《本 草經疏》 ：“病人腎 虛， 小水自利或不禁或虛寒 (陽 虛)精 清滑，皆不得服。”《藥性論》：“忌米醋。”
[1]Ben Cao Gang Mu
[2] Jin Yue Quan Shu, Ben Cao Zheng
[3] Ben Cao Jing Shu
Fu ling pi (literally means the skin of fu ling) are those fu ling with dark brown skin. It is effective in ridding of skin edema. Normal dosage: 15~30 g.
Chi fu ling is the light red variety. It is also called chi fu shen or zhu fu shen. and is used in treatment of damp-heat.
Bai fu ling (literally means white fu ling) is those after skin or chi fu ling being removed. Also called fu ling.
Yun ling: because of those produced in Yun Nan are famous, thus usually fu ling is called yun ling, denoting it is produced in Yunnan.
Fu shen is the part around the root. Usually it is used as fu ling but considered as a stronger effect on calming emotion.
茯苓皮： 茯苓皮為茯苓菌核的黑色外皮。性味同茯苓，功專行皮膚水濕。多用於皮膚水腫。常用量：15～30 克。
赤茯苓：內部接近外皮處呈淡紅色者。亦稱朱伏神。用來治 濕熱
白茯苓： 除去外皮及赤茯苓後，內部白色的叫白茯苓，簡稱茯苓。
雲苓：因雲南產的比較著名，故通常把茯苓叫雲茯苓或雲苓。
茯神：苓塊中穿有細松根的叫茯神或抱木茯神。一般認為較有安神 作用。
gan jiang 乾薑（dry ginger）
gan jiang 乾薑（dry ginger）/ sheng jiang 生薑 (fresh ginger) / hei jiang 黑薑 (pao jiang 炮薑 )（black roasted ginger）/ sheng jiang 皮：生薑皮 （fresh ginger skin)
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
Rhizoma zingiberis officinalis
Distribution分布：
most part of China 中國大多地區。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
acrid, warm .
辛，溫。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
lung, spleen, stomach
肺，脾，胃。
Actions & Indications主 治：
Sheng jiang means fresh ginger: Evaporates the exterior and rids of coldness, warms the middle burner (jiao) and alleviates stuffy nose, pain of intestine hernia, vomiting, stops coughing with chronic lung disorders with phlegm, reduces the toxicity of other herbs (like fu zi, ban xia). For sweaty feet, frost bite, sore mouth and tongue, body odor from armpits, itchiness, for preventing sea sickness.
Gan jiang means dry ginger. Gan jiang is mainly used in warming the middle, purge coldness, correct yangxu condition which is to improve circulation, rid of cold and pain of chest and of abdomen, lower back pain and chronic diarrhea.
Pao jiang (hei jiang) means baked ginger. It is for warming the digestive system, getting rid of heat due to deficiency, for cold pain of chest and abdomen, flatulence, diarrhea. dysentry, stop bleeding, rid of clot blood, vomiting blood, diarrhea with blood, excessive bleeding during premenopausal stage.
Sheng jiang pi means fresh ginger peels: It is acrid, cool, being used in edema, difficulty in urination; taken as decoction.
生薑 主治 ：驅寒溫中﹐通鼻﹐治小腸氙氣﹐嘔吐﹐肺 虛痰多久咳﹐減輕其他藥物毒素(如 附子﹐半夏)﹐腳汗多﹐凍瘡﹐口舌生瘡 ﹐狐臭﹐皮膚發癢﹐防暈船。
乾 薑主治 ：
溫 中 ， 散 寒 ， 回 陽 ，宣 通 脈 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 腰 痛 ， 瀉 下 ，
反 胃 乾 嘔 ， 淤 血 ， 肕 血 。
炮 薑 (黑薑)主 治 ： 溫 脾 胃 ， 退 虛 熱 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 脹 滿 ，下 痢 ， 霍 亂 ，止血、去 瘀血﹐肕 血 ， 吐 血 ， 血 痢 ， 崩 漏 。
生薑皮主治：為 生薑根莖切下的外表皮。性味辛，涼。功能和脾行水消腫，主要用於水腫，小便不利。煎服。
Medical functions藥理：
1. Protects live cells from damage from CCl4 ,
2. Anti-bacteria (especially Salmonella)
3. Lowers blood lipids
4. Cholagogue (promotes bile secretion)
5. Reduces pain
6. Calming
7. Anti inflammation
8. Anti coagulation of platelets
9. Anti allergy
10.Anti tumors
11.Anti hair growth: external use
12.Prevents sea sickness
13.Effect on E. Coli (see Modern Research item)
The ingredient, gingerol, possesses the effect of :
anti peptic ulcer, promoting flowing of bile, protecting liver, cardiac stimulation, inhibiting platelet coagulation, preventing dizziness, anti-tumor, inhibiting CNS, improving auto-immune function, antibiotic (especially Salmonella), killing parasites, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxident, anti bacteria and anti-trichomoniasis
生姜藥理：
保護 細胞避免被四氯化炭所傷，抗菌，尤其是沙門尼拉菌，降低血脂，促進膽汁分泌。止痛，鎮靜，消炎，防止血小板凝聚，防敏感，抗腫瘤，外用可防止毛髮 生長，防止暈浪，對大腸桿菌之作用 （見現代研究條）。
注：姜 辣素（gingerol)能抑制腸內的異常發酵和促積氣排出 。 具有健胃抗胃潰瘍、利膽、保肝、強心、抑制血小板聚集、防暈、抗腫瘤、中樞抑制、增強免疫力、抗菌、殺虫、消炎之作用，還具有很強 的抗氧化能 力，抗陰道毛滴蟲症。
Chemical ingredients化學成份：
2-heptanol/第二庚醇
1,3,3-trimethyltricyclo[2,2,1,0] heptane/1,3,3-三甲基三环[2.2.1.02,6]-庚烷
tricycline/三環烯
α-pinene/α-蒎烯
β-fenchene/β-葑烯
β-pinene/β-蒎烯
5-hepten-2-one-6-mehtyl/6-甲-5-庚烯-2-酮
myrcene/月桂烯
octanal/正辛醛
α-thujene/α-侧柏烯
zingiberol/姜醇
zingiberene/姜烯
α-curcumene/α-姜黃烯
linalool/芳樟醇
cineole/桉油素
phellandrene/水芹烯
camphene/樟腦萜(莰芬)
citral/柠檬醛
linalol/伽羅木醇
methylheptenone/甲基庚烯酮
nonyl aldehyde/壬醛
gingerol/姜辣醇
gingediol/姜辣二醇
methylgingediol/甲基姜辣二醇
gingediacetate/姜辣二醇双乙酸酯
methylgingediacetate/甲基姜辣二醇双乙酸酯
L-2-Amino-3-ureidopropionic acid (albizziin)/L-脲基丙氨酸
zingerone/姜酮
shogaol/姜烯酚
3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol (farnesol)/3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二烷三烯-1-醇
hexahydrocurcumin/六氢姜黄素
bisabolene/紅沒藥烯
curcumene/姜黄烯
d-borneol/d-龍腦
borneol/龍腦
isoborneol/異龍腦
terpinen-4-ol/松油烯-4-醇
neal/燈花醛
geranial/牻牛兒醛 (香茅醛)
borneyl acetate/乙酸龍腦酯
citronellyl acetate/相貌醇乙酸酯
α-cubebene/α-荜澄茄油烯
geranyl acetate/牻牛兒醇乙酸
α-copaene/α-蒎烯
β-clemene/β-榄香烯
β-caryophyliene/β-石竹烯
γ-clemene/γ-榄香烯
α-bergamotene/α-佛手柑油烯
trans-β-farnesene/反式β-金合欢烯
1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3, 5-octanediol/1-(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-(4-甲基苯基)3,5-辛二醇
5-diacetoxyoctane/5-二乙酸氧基辛烷
Dosage用量：
Fresh ginger: 3 ~ 8 grams per day in decoction.
Dry ginger:1 ~ 3 grams per day, in powder form.
Fresh ginger skin: 3 ~ 10 grams per day in decoction.
生薑： 每日3～8 克。入湯剤。
乾薑：每日 3 克。作粉剤。
生薑皮：每日：3～10g。入 湯剤。
Samples of formulae處方舉例：
sheng jiang: gui zhi tang, ma huang tang,
hei jiang (pao jiang): sheng hua tang, huang qi gui zhi wu wu tang
gan jiang: li zhong tang
生姜：桂 枝湯, 麻黃湯, 黃耆桂枝五物湯
炮姜： 生化湯
乾薑：理 中湯
Modern Research現代研究：
Gingerol Decreases after Processing and Storage of Ginger[1]
Effect on E. coli: an active ingredient of ginger can significantly blocked the binding of enterotoxin to cell-surface receptor G M1, resulting in the inhibition of fluid accumulation in the closed ileal loops of mice.[2]
生薑加工後或存儲過久其薑酮醇量會減低。【1】
生薑的化學 成份之一，薑酮，能防止大腸桿菌分泌的腸毒素粘附於细胞的感受器所 以防止腹瀉。【2】
Cautions禁忌：
do not use in case of yinxu (yin deficient) or in stomach heat with vomiting.
陰虛內 熱及實熱証或胃熱嘔吐者禁服。
[1] http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119264711/abstract
[2] J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Oct 17;55(21):8390-7. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
Chemical Ingredient bibliography
Pharmaceutical name英文药名：
Rhizoma zingiberis officinalis
Distribution分布：
most part of China 中國大多地區。
Properties (characteristics)性味：
acrid, warm .
辛，溫。
Channels (meridians) entered歸經：
lung, spleen, stomach
肺，脾，胃。
Actions & Indications主 治：
Sheng jiang means fresh ginger: Evaporates the exterior and rids of coldness, warms the middle burner (jiao) and alleviates stuffy nose, pain of intestine hernia, vomiting, stops coughing with chronic lung disorders with phlegm, reduces the toxicity of other herbs (like fu zi, ban xia). For sweaty feet, frost bite, sore mouth and tongue, body odor from armpits, itchiness, for preventing sea sickness.
Gan jiang means dry ginger. Gan jiang is mainly used in warming the middle, purge coldness, correct yangxu condition which is to improve circulation, rid of cold and pain of chest and of abdomen, lower back pain and chronic diarrhea.
Pao jiang (hei jiang) means baked ginger. It is for warming the digestive system, getting rid of heat due to deficiency, for cold pain of chest and abdomen, flatulence, diarrhea. dysentry, stop bleeding, rid of clot blood, vomiting blood, diarrhea with blood, excessive bleeding during premenopausal stage.
Sheng jiang pi means fresh ginger peels: It is acrid, cool, being used in edema, difficulty in urination; taken as decoction.
生薑 主治 ：驅寒溫中﹐通鼻﹐治小腸氙氣﹐嘔吐﹐肺 虛痰多久咳﹐減輕其他藥物毒素(如 附子﹐半夏)﹐腳汗多﹐凍瘡﹐口舌生瘡 ﹐狐臭﹐皮膚發癢﹐防暈船。
乾 薑主治 ：
溫 中 ， 散 寒 ， 回 陽 ，宣 通 脈 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 腰 痛 ， 瀉 下 ，
反 胃 乾 嘔 ， 淤 血 ， 肕 血 。
炮 薑 (黑薑)主 治 ： 溫 脾 胃 ， 退 虛 熱 。 心 腹 冷 痛 ， 脹 滿 ，下 痢 ， 霍 亂 ，止血、去 瘀血﹐肕 血 ， 吐 血 ， 血 痢 ， 崩 漏 。
生薑皮主治：為 生薑根莖切下的外表皮。性味辛，涼。功能和脾行水消腫，主要用於水腫，小便不利。煎服。
Medical functions藥理：
1. Protects live cells from damage from CCl4 ,
2. Anti-bacteria (especially Salmonella)
3. Lowers blood lipids
4. Cholagogue (promotes bile secretion)
5. Reduces pain
6. Calming
7. Anti inflammation
8. Anti coagulation of platelets
9. Anti allergy
10.Anti tumors
11.Anti hair growth: external use
12.Prevents sea sickness
13.Effect on E. Coli (see Modern Research item)
The ingredient, gingerol, possesses the effect of :
anti peptic ulcer, promoting flowing of bile, protecting liver, cardiac stimulation, inhibiting platelet coagulation, preventing dizziness, anti-tumor, inhibiting CNS, improving auto-immune function, antibiotic (especially Salmonella), killing parasites, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxident, anti bacteria and anti-trichomoniasis
生姜藥理：
保護 細胞避免被四氯化炭所傷，抗菌，尤其是沙門尼拉菌，降低血脂，促進膽汁分泌。止痛，鎮靜，消炎，防止血小板凝聚，防敏感，抗腫瘤，外用可防止毛髮 生長，防止暈浪，對大腸桿菌之作用 （見現代研究條）。
注：姜 辣素（gingerol)能抑制腸內的異常發酵和促積氣排出 。 具有健胃抗胃潰瘍、利膽、保肝、強心、抑制血小板聚集、防暈、抗腫瘤、中樞抑制、增強免疫力、抗菌、殺虫、消炎之作用，還具有很強 的抗氧化能 力，抗陰道毛滴蟲症。
Chemical ingredients化學成份：
2-heptanol/第二庚醇
1,3,3-trimethyltricyclo[2,2,1,0] heptane/1,3,3-三甲基三环[2.2.1.02,6]-庚烷
tricycline/三環烯
α-pinene/α-蒎烯
β-fenchene/β-葑烯
β-pinene/β-蒎烯
5-hepten-2-one-6-mehtyl/6-甲-5-庚烯-2-酮
myrcene/月桂烯
octanal/正辛醛
α-thujene/α-侧柏烯
zingiberol/姜醇
zingiberene/姜烯
α-curcumene/α-姜黃烯
linalool/芳樟醇
cineole/桉油素
phellandrene/水芹烯
camphene/樟腦萜(莰芬)
citral/柠檬醛
linalol/伽羅木醇
methylheptenone/甲基庚烯酮
nonyl aldehyde/壬醛
gingerol/姜辣醇
gingediol/姜辣二醇
methylgingediol/甲基姜辣二醇
gingediacetate/姜辣二醇双乙酸酯
methylgingediacetate/甲基姜辣二醇双乙酸酯
L-2-Amino-3-ureidopropionic acid (albizziin)/L-脲基丙氨酸
zingerone/姜酮
shogaol/姜烯酚
3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol (farnesol)/3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二烷三烯-1-醇
hexahydrocurcumin/六氢姜黄素
bisabolene/紅沒藥烯
curcumene/姜黄烯
d-borneol/d-龍腦
borneol/龍腦
isoborneol/異龍腦
terpinen-4-ol/松油烯-4-醇
neal/燈花醛
geranial/牻牛兒醛 (香茅醛)
borneyl acetate/乙酸龍腦酯
citronellyl acetate/相貌醇乙酸酯
α-cubebene/α-荜澄茄油烯
geranyl acetate/牻牛兒醇乙酸
α-copaene/α-蒎烯
β-clemene/β-榄香烯
β-caryophyliene/β-石竹烯
γ-clemene/γ-榄香烯
α-bergamotene/α-佛手柑油烯
trans-β-farnesene/反式β-金合欢烯
1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3, 5-octanediol/1-(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-(4-甲基苯基)3,5-辛二醇
5-diacetoxyoctane/5-二乙酸氧基辛烷
Dosage用量：
Fresh ginger: 3 ~ 8 grams per day in decoction.
Dry ginger:1 ~ 3 grams per day, in powder form.
Fresh ginger skin: 3 ~ 10 grams per day in decoction.
生薑： 每日3～8 克。入湯剤。
乾薑：每日 3 克。作粉剤。
生薑皮：每日：3～10g。入 湯剤。
Samples of formulae處方舉例：
sheng jiang: gui zhi tang, ma huang tang,
hei jiang (pao jiang): sheng hua tang, huang qi gui zhi wu wu tang
gan jiang: li zhong tang
生姜：桂 枝湯, 麻黃湯, 黃耆桂枝五物湯
炮姜： 生化湯
乾薑：理 中湯
Modern Research現代研究：
Gingerol Decreases after Processing and Storage of Ginger[1]
Effect on E. coli: an active ingredient of ginger can significantly blocked the binding of enterotoxin to cell-surface receptor G M1, resulting in the inhibition of fluid accumulation in the closed ileal loops of mice.[2]
生薑加工後或存儲過久其薑酮醇量會減低。【1】
生薑的化學 成份之一，薑酮，能防止大腸桿菌分泌的腸毒素粘附於细胞的感受器所 以防止腹瀉。【2】
Cautions禁忌：
do not use in case of yinxu (yin deficient) or in stomach heat with vomiting.
陰虛內 熱及實熱証或胃熱嘔吐者禁服。
[1] http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119264711/abstract
[2] J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Oct 17;55(21):8390-7. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
Chemical Ingredient bibliography
Formula 12 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain
Formula 12 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ Chinese Herbs Therapy
Syndrome:
脈浮弦 floating tight pulse
Composition:
大柴胡湯甲 dachaihu tang A 5g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
川芎 chuan xiong 1g
丹參 dan shen 1g
厚朴 hou po 2g
香附 xiang fu 1.5g
細辛 xi xin 1.5g
茯苓(白) fu ling(bai) 2g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g
Syndrome:
脈浮弦 floating tight pulse
Composition:
大柴胡湯甲 dachaihu tang A 5g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.5g
川芎 chuan xiong 1g
丹參 dan shen 1g
厚朴 hou po 2g
香附 xiang fu 1.5g
細辛 xi xin 1.5g
茯苓(白) fu ling(bai) 2g
乾薑 gan jiang 1g
Saturday, November 5, 2011
tian ma 天麻
Pharmaceutical name 英文药名：
Rhizoma Gastrodiae Elatae
Latin botanical name 拉丁學名：
Gastrodia elata Bl.,
Other Names 別名﹕
ming tian ma 明天麻﹐ming chi jian 名赤箭﹐ding feng cao定風草﹐shui yang yi 水洋芋, chi jian zhi 赤箭芝, du yao zhi独摇芝 , ding feng cao 定風 草 , li mu 离母 , he li cao 合离草 , shen cao 神草 , gui tu you 鬼督邮, chi jian 赤箭 。
處方名：天麻 , 明天麻 , 天麻片 , 炒天麻 , 煨天麻 , 薑天麻等
Common Name 英文名﹕
Gastrodia Tuber
Distribution 分佈﹕
It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Other producing regions include Northeast China and North China.
主產於四川﹐ 云南﹐ 貴州等省。東北部與北部亦有出產。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
Sweet in taste and neutral in nature.
味甜﹐性平。
Channels (meridians) entered:
Liver.
肝
Actions & Indications 主治：
1. Calming the internal wind and relieving convulsion and spasm. For suppressing symptoms of liver-wind, no matter if cold type or heat type.
2. Calming the liver and suppressing liver yang ascending 肝陽上亢. For such symptoms as vertigo and headache.
3. Removing obstruction in the channels to relieve pain. For arthralgia due to the wind, cold and dampness, or for numbness and paralysis caused by liver and shenxu (kidney deficient) 腎虛
4. For neurasthenia and insomnia
有息寒 型 或 熱 型 之 肝 風 , 有 止痙 的功能。
主治:
1. 四肢拘挛 , 小兒 驚 風 ,
2. 肝 陽 上 亢 之 眩暈 , 頭 痛 ,
3. 麻木 , 風濕疼痛 ,
4. 神經衰弱 , 失眠 。
Medical Function:
1. Effect on the CNS: sedation, anti-seizure, painkilling effect.
2. Effect on heart and blood vessels: protects the heart muscle from lacking circulation, improves blood flow in the coronary artery,
3. Improves blood flow to the brain,
4. mitigate the effect of adrenalin on blood vessel constriction, lower blood pressure.
5. Effect on tolerance of lack of oxygen.
6. Improve the immune system.
7. Other effects: increase the skin temperature; increase the expansion and contraction ability of the smooth muscle of the intestine; improve the secretion of the bile in the gall bladder (vanillyl alcohol); slow down breathing; inhibits 5-HT, PGE2;
8. Vanilline can be absorbed in the small intestine rapidly and shows up in the liver and the brain, especially the cerebrum, and the medication quickly permeates the blood-brain barrier. Vanilline is excreted through the urine within 10-12 hours.
9. Toxicity: Relatively safe.
药理：
1. 鎮痛、 鎮靜、惊厥、
2. 抑 制 腎 上 腺 素 而 降 低 血 管 收 縮 而 降 低血壓
3. 增 進 腦 血 液 循 環
4. 香莢蘭醛 容 易 被 小 腸 吸 收 ﹐ 很 快 到 達 肝 臟 與 腦 部﹐ 特 別 是 在 大 腦
5. 明目
6. 增强記 憶 力
Chemical ingredients 化學成份：
vanilline 香莢蘭醛
vanillic acid 香莢蘭酸
vanillyl alcohol 香莢蘭醇
gastrodin 天麻甙
p-hydroxymethylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 對- 羥甲基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙
p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 對-羥基苯甲醇
β-sitosterol β-谷甾醇
daucosterol 胡蘿蔔甙
citric acid 檸檬酸
citric acid monomethyl ester 檸檬酸獨甲酸酯
palmitic acid 棕榈酸
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde 對-羥基苯甲醛
sucrose 蔗糖
succinic acid 琥珀酸
bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) ether mono-β-D-glucopyranoside 酯酶荧光底物
4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether, 4-(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy) benzyl methyl ether
bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) ether 雙（4－羥芐基）醚
4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl alcohol
tris [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl] citrate
parishin 檸檬酸酯
3, 4-dihydroxybenzyl aldehyde 3,4-二羥基二苯 乙醛
4, 4'-dihydroxydiphenyl methane 4，4'-二羥基二苯甲烷
p-hydroxybenzyl ethyl ether 對-羥基苯甲基乙醚
4, 4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether 4，4'-二羥基二苯 醚
4-ethoxy methyl phenyl-4'-hydroxy benzyl ether
iron 鐵
fluorine 氟
manganese 錳
zinc 鋅
iodine 碘
anti-fungus protein 抗真菌蛋白質
vitamin A 維 生 素 甲
Dosage 用量﹕
As a decoction, 3 -10 g daily.
As powder, 1 - 1.5 g each time.
煎劑 ﹕ 3~10 克。
粉劑﹐每次服﹕1~1.5 克
Samples of formulae 處方舉例﹕
Use for paralysis after stroke; also for spastic muscles: tian ma, 3 portions; niu xi , 3 portions; du zhong, 3 portions; dang gui, 2 portions; qiang huo, 2 portions. Grind into fine powder. Mix with cooked honey to make into cubes. Take 5g each time 3x day with warm boiled water. (Source of formula: Long Xiang Fei)
Traditionally, tian ma is being used with the combination of gou teng, ban xia, chuan xiong, fang feng etc.
症狀﹕肌肉肢體 拘挛;中風癱瘓
處方﹕天麻 3份﹐牛膝 3份﹐杜仲 3份﹐當歸 2份﹐羌活 2份。磨成細末。煉蜜為丸。每次服 5克。每日3次﹐開水送服。處方來源﹕龍翔飛。
tian ma wan 天麻丸
傳統上 ，天麻常與鉤藤、半 夏 、 川 芎、 防風等配伍使用。
Differentiation 鑒 別 ﹕
Tian ma is long and elliptical, shrunk, crooked and slightly flat, 3-15 cm long, 1.5-6 cm wide, and 0.5-2cm thick. At one end of the tuber, there is a reddish-brown withered bud or a remaining stem. At the other end, there is an umbilicate scar. Tian ma ( Gastrodia) tuber is usually peeled. Its surface is yellowish white or yellowish brown with longitudinal wrinkles and some spotted segmental rings. It is hard and semi-transparent. It does not break easily. Its cross-section is smooth and lustrous. It has a peculiar odor and a sweet, slightly pungent taste. Fakes are the roots of Mirabilis jalapa L. and Dahlia pinnata Cav., or the tuber of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. They do not have the spotted segmental rings and longitudinal wrinkles on the surface, and the cross-section has no resin-like luster.
天麻偽 品常见者有 大麗 菊Dahlia pinnata cav．(菊科) , 紫茉莉 Mirabilis jalapa L.(紫茉莉科) , 馬 鈴 薯 Solanum tuberosumL(茄科) , 羽裂蟹甲草 Cacalia tangutica Hand．(菊科) , 芭蕉芋Canna edulis Ker．(美人蕉科) , 芋頭 Colocasia esculenta Sch．(天南星科) , 大九股牛Dobinea delavayi Engl. (槭 樹 科)等十餘種 植物的根或塊 茎的仿製 品。
Cautions 禁忌﹕
Should not be used in case of yinxu (yin deficient)
陰虛者忌 用。
The earliest writing that described tian ma is "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", a medical material book, written during Qin and Han dynasties of China, about 2,200 years ago. The book classified herbs into 3 categories: top, middle, and lower. Tian ma was listed as top quality herb.
Tian ma was mentioned in the work of Ge Hong in the work entitled "Bao Po Zi." He lived between 283-343 A.D. during the Jin dynasty of China. He was a medical and Dao writer.
Other early classical works also described tian ma and its usage, include:
Tang Ben Cao, completed in 659 A.D.
Tu Jing Ben Cao completed in 1061 A.D.
其記述最早見于《神農本草經 》。
以 下 著 作 亦 有 報 導 天 麻 形 態 與 性 質 。 列為上品
葛 洪 (283 AD - 363 AD)《 抱 朴 子》
《唐本草》亦稱《唐新修本草》，有時簡稱《新修本草》，是唐高宗顯慶四年（公元659年）編修成功的，由唐朝政府頒行，這是國家頒定藥典的創始。
《圖經本草》 公元1061年編成.
This herb belong to controlled material of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), under append. II (permit required for import and export trade): 天麻 屬 於 《華約》附錄二品種 管制的藥材種類。 須 按 預先申請的許可証進行貿易 。
Rhizoma Gastrodiae Elatae
Latin botanical name 拉丁學名：
Gastrodia elata Bl.,
Other Names 別名﹕
ming tian ma 明天麻﹐ming chi jian 名赤箭﹐ding feng cao定風草﹐shui yang yi 水洋芋, chi jian zhi 赤箭芝, du yao zhi独摇芝 , ding feng cao 定風 草 , li mu 离母 , he li cao 合离草 , shen cao 神草 , gui tu you 鬼督邮, chi jian 赤箭 。
處方名：天麻 , 明天麻 , 天麻片 , 炒天麻 , 煨天麻 , 薑天麻等
Common Name 英文名﹕
Gastrodia Tuber
Distribution 分佈﹕
It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Other producing regions include Northeast China and North China.
主產於四川﹐ 云南﹐ 貴州等省。東北部與北部亦有出產。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
Sweet in taste and neutral in nature.
味甜﹐性平。
Channels (meridians) entered:
Liver.
肝
Actions & Indications 主治：
1. Calming the internal wind and relieving convulsion and spasm. For suppressing symptoms of liver-wind, no matter if cold type or heat type.
2. Calming the liver and suppressing liver yang ascending 肝陽上亢. For such symptoms as vertigo and headache.
3. Removing obstruction in the channels to relieve pain. For arthralgia due to the wind, cold and dampness, or for numbness and paralysis caused by liver and shenxu (kidney deficient) 腎虛
4. For neurasthenia and insomnia
有息寒 型 或 熱 型 之 肝 風 , 有 止痙 的功能。
主治:
1. 四肢拘挛 , 小兒 驚 風 ,
2. 肝 陽 上 亢 之 眩暈 , 頭 痛 ,
3. 麻木 , 風濕疼痛 ,
4. 神經衰弱 , 失眠 。
Medical Function:
1. Effect on the CNS: sedation, anti-seizure, painkilling effect.
2. Effect on heart and blood vessels: protects the heart muscle from lacking circulation, improves blood flow in the coronary artery,
3. Improves blood flow to the brain,
4. mitigate the effect of adrenalin on blood vessel constriction, lower blood pressure.
5. Effect on tolerance of lack of oxygen.
6. Improve the immune system.
7. Other effects: increase the skin temperature; increase the expansion and contraction ability of the smooth muscle of the intestine; improve the secretion of the bile in the gall bladder (vanillyl alcohol); slow down breathing; inhibits 5-HT, PGE2;
8. Vanilline can be absorbed in the small intestine rapidly and shows up in the liver and the brain, especially the cerebrum, and the medication quickly permeates the blood-brain barrier. Vanilline is excreted through the urine within 10-12 hours.
9. Toxicity: Relatively safe.
药理：
1. 鎮痛、 鎮靜、惊厥、
2. 抑 制 腎 上 腺 素 而 降 低 血 管 收 縮 而 降 低血壓
3. 增 進 腦 血 液 循 環
4. 香莢蘭醛 容 易 被 小 腸 吸 收 ﹐ 很 快 到 達 肝 臟 與 腦 部﹐ 特 別 是 在 大 腦
5. 明目
6. 增强記 憶 力
Chemical ingredients 化學成份：
vanilline 香莢蘭醛
vanillic acid 香莢蘭酸
vanillyl alcohol 香莢蘭醇
gastrodin 天麻甙
p-hydroxymethylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 對- 羥甲基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙
p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 對-羥基苯甲醇
β-sitosterol β-谷甾醇
daucosterol 胡蘿蔔甙
citric acid 檸檬酸
citric acid monomethyl ester 檸檬酸獨甲酸酯
palmitic acid 棕榈酸
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde 對-羥基苯甲醛
sucrose 蔗糖
succinic acid 琥珀酸
bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) ether mono-β-D-glucopyranoside 酯酶荧光底物
4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether, 4-(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy) benzyl methyl ether
bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) ether 雙（4－羥芐基）醚
4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl alcohol
tris [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl] citrate
parishin 檸檬酸酯
3, 4-dihydroxybenzyl aldehyde 3,4-二羥基二苯 乙醛
4, 4'-dihydroxydiphenyl methane 4，4'-二羥基二苯甲烷
p-hydroxybenzyl ethyl ether 對-羥基苯甲基乙醚
4, 4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether 4，4'-二羥基二苯 醚
4-ethoxy methyl phenyl-4'-hydroxy benzyl ether
iron 鐵
fluorine 氟
manganese 錳
zinc 鋅
iodine 碘
anti-fungus protein 抗真菌蛋白質
vitamin A 維 生 素 甲
Dosage 用量﹕
As a decoction, 3 -10 g daily.
As powder, 1 - 1.5 g each time.
煎劑 ﹕ 3~10 克。
粉劑﹐每次服﹕1~1.5 克
Samples of formulae 處方舉例﹕
Use for paralysis after stroke; also for spastic muscles: tian ma, 3 portions; niu xi , 3 portions; du zhong, 3 portions; dang gui, 2 portions; qiang huo, 2 portions. Grind into fine powder. Mix with cooked honey to make into cubes. Take 5g each time 3x day with warm boiled water. (Source of formula: Long Xiang Fei)
Traditionally, tian ma is being used with the combination of gou teng, ban xia, chuan xiong, fang feng etc.
症狀﹕肌肉肢體 拘挛;中風癱瘓
處方﹕天麻 3份﹐牛膝 3份﹐杜仲 3份﹐當歸 2份﹐羌活 2份。磨成細末。煉蜜為丸。每次服 5克。每日3次﹐開水送服。處方來源﹕龍翔飛。
tian ma wan 天麻丸
傳統上 ，天麻常與鉤藤、半 夏 、 川 芎、 防風等配伍使用。
Differentiation 鑒 別 ﹕
Tian ma is long and elliptical, shrunk, crooked and slightly flat, 3-15 cm long, 1.5-6 cm wide, and 0.5-2cm thick. At one end of the tuber, there is a reddish-brown withered bud or a remaining stem. At the other end, there is an umbilicate scar. Tian ma ( Gastrodia) tuber is usually peeled. Its surface is yellowish white or yellowish brown with longitudinal wrinkles and some spotted segmental rings. It is hard and semi-transparent. It does not break easily. Its cross-section is smooth and lustrous. It has a peculiar odor and a sweet, slightly pungent taste. Fakes are the roots of Mirabilis jalapa L. and Dahlia pinnata Cav., or the tuber of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. They do not have the spotted segmental rings and longitudinal wrinkles on the surface, and the cross-section has no resin-like luster.
天麻偽 品常见者有 大麗 菊Dahlia pinnata cav．(菊科) , 紫茉莉 Mirabilis jalapa L.(紫茉莉科) , 馬 鈴 薯 Solanum tuberosumL(茄科) , 羽裂蟹甲草 Cacalia tangutica Hand．(菊科) , 芭蕉芋Canna edulis Ker．(美人蕉科) , 芋頭 Colocasia esculenta Sch．(天南星科) , 大九股牛Dobinea delavayi Engl. (槭 樹 科)等十餘種 植物的根或塊 茎的仿製 品。
Cautions 禁忌﹕
Should not be used in case of yinxu (yin deficient)
陰虛者忌 用。
The earliest writing that described tian ma is "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", a medical material book, written during Qin and Han dynasties of China, about 2,200 years ago. The book classified herbs into 3 categories: top, middle, and lower. Tian ma was listed as top quality herb.
Tian ma was mentioned in the work of Ge Hong in the work entitled "Bao Po Zi." He lived between 283-343 A.D. during the Jin dynasty of China. He was a medical and Dao writer.
Other early classical works also described tian ma and its usage, include:
Tang Ben Cao, completed in 659 A.D.
Tu Jing Ben Cao completed in 1061 A.D.
其記述最早見于《神農本草經 》。
以 下 著 作 亦 有 報 導 天 麻 形 態 與 性 質 。 列為上品
葛 洪 (283 AD - 363 AD)《 抱 朴 子》
《唐本草》亦稱《唐新修本草》，有時簡稱《新修本草》，是唐高宗顯慶四年（公元659年）編修成功的，由唐朝政府頒行，這是國家頒定藥典的創始。
《圖經本草》 公元1061年編成.
This herb belong to controlled material of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), under append. II (permit required for import and export trade): 天麻 屬 於 《華約》附錄二品種 管制的藥材種類。 須 按 預先申請的許可証進行貿易 。
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