di huang 地黄, shu di huang 熟地黄, sheng di huang 生地黄

Pharmaceutical name 英文药名：Radix Rehmanniae
Biological name 拉丁名：
Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (huai qing di huang 淮慶地黃)var. huaichingens
Rehmannia. lutea Max. var. Purpurea Makino (筧橋地黃)
Common Name 英文名：rehmannia
Properties (characteristics) 性味：
sweet, bitter. Sheng di huang is cold and shu di huang is warm.
甜﹐苦。生地 黃寒。熟地黃溫。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經：
heart, kidney, and liver channels.
入心﹐腎﹐肝 經。
Actions & Indications 主治：
It is being used as a blood tonic  usually for the weakness caused by tuberculosis, vomiting blood, nose bleeding,  coughing blood, bleeding in the uterus.
一般作胃補血藥。用於肺痨衰弱，吐血，鼻血，咳血，子宫出血。
Medical Function 药理：
1. Medium dosages strengthen the function of the heart. Large doses are toxic for the heart.
2. Increases blood pressure.
3. Small doses constrict the blood vessels and large doses dilate the blood vessel.
4. It possesses the characteristics of diuretics.
5. It decreases the blood sugar and  inhibits carbohydrates being converted into blood sugar.
6. treatment with hot water extracted Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa (0.05% and 0.15% for each) for eight weeks protects against necrotic damage, indicated by decreases in plasma ALT and AST activities, and suppresses liver fibrosis by down-regulation of liver inflammation in rats with CCl(4)-induced liver injury.[1]
7. Treatment of hepatitis: there are clinical reports that di huang and gan cao combined either in intramuscular or oral application,  have shown that it promote  the recovery of liver function, especially the decrease of ALT were obvious and there were no local or systemic bad effect.
1. 中等剤量有强心作用。大剤量對心臟有毒。
2. 增加血壓。
3. 小剤量能收缩血管。大剤量能擴張血管。
4. 有利尿作用。
5. 降低血糖。能抑制碳水化合物變作血糖。
6. 以熱水水提取枸杞子，熟地黃0.05％和0.15％，餵給大鼠可防止四氯化碳導致肝臟壞死，降低血漿中ALT和AST活動，並抑制肝纖維化[1]。
7. 治療肝炎：臨床報道地黃和甘草合用，無論是肌注或口服對傳染性肝炎都有一定作用，促進肝功能恢復，尤以ALT下降顯著且無局部及全身不良反應。
Chemicals of di huang herb 地黃化學成份 (Source：Zhong Hua Ben Cao 中華本草)
Iidoids isolated from fresh di huang:
從鮮地黃分得的環烯醚萜甙有：
leonuride/ 益母草甙
aucubin/ 桃葉珊瑚甙
catalpol/ 梓醇
rehmannioside）A、B、C、D/ 地共同甙A、B、C、D
melittoside/ 美利妥雙甙
melittoside/ 都桷子甙
geniposide/ 都桷子甙
8-epiloganic acid/ 8-表馬錢子甙酸
ajugoside/ 艋骨草酸
6-O-E-feruloyl ajugol/ 6-O-E-阿魏酰基筋骨草醇
6-O-Z-feruloy6l ajugol/ 6-O-Z-阿魏酰基筋骨草醇
6-O-vanilloyl ajugol/ 6-O-香草酰基筋骨草醇
6-O-p-coumaroyl ajugol/ 6-O-對香酰基筋骨草醇
6-O-（4″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)/ 6-O-（4″-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李甙）
6-O-vanilloyl ajugol/ 6-O-香草酰基筋骨草醇
jioglutoside A、B/ 焦地黃甙A、B
Also contains sugar/ 又含糖類
D-glucose/ D-葡萄糖
D-Galactopyranose/ D-半乳糖
D-fructose/ D-果糖
sucrose/ 蔗糖
raffinose/ 棉子糖
stachyose/ 水蘇糖，含量最高，達64.9%。
Manninotriose/ 甘露三糖
verbascose/ 毛蕊花糖
Also contain 還含：
lysine/ 賴氨酸
histidine/ 組氨酸
arginine/ 精氨酸
sapartic acid/ 天冬氨酸
glutamic acid)/ 穀氨酸
threonine/ 蘇氨酸
serine/ 絲氨酸
gluycine/ 甘氨酸
alanine/ 丙氨酸
valine/ 纈氨酸
isoleucine/ 異亮氨酸
leucine/ 亮氨酸
tyrosine/ 酪氨酸
phenylalnine/ 苯丙氨酸
γ-aminobtyric acid/ γ-氨基丁酸
amino acid/ 氨基酸
glucosamine/ 葡萄糖胺
D-mannitol/ D-甙露醇
phosphoric acid/ 磷酸
β-siterol/ β-谷甾醇
daucosterol/ 胡蘿蔔甙
1-ethy-β-D-galactoside/ 1-乙基-β-D-半乳糖甙
adenoside/ 腺甙
non-organic elements/ 無機元素
Dosage 用量：
10 grams to 30 grams per day, boiled with water. Raw sheng di huang juice can be used on open wounds.
每日量：10~30克，水煎服。生地黃汁可用於傷口。
Samples of formulae 處方舉例：
shi quan da bu tang, 十全大補湯
liu wei di huang wan 六味地黄丸
zhi bai di huang wan 知柏地黄丸
Cautions 注意：
Use caution when using large dosages. Large doses has shown to be toxic for the heart of frogs.
Sheng di huang should not be used in cases of pixu with dampness, or in cases of yangxu, and in pregnant women with blood deficiency of pixu or weixu (stomach deficiency).
Shu di huang is less toxic and the side effects are mild.
The side effects can include diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, weakness, and palpitations.
大劑量可能對心臟有毒。
生地黃﹕脾 虛濕重，陽 虛，大便溏瀉者不宜用；中焦濕勝者要慎用為宜。懷孕期間有血 虛，脾胃虛弱不宜用。
熟地黃﹕熟地毒素較弱，但脾胃虛弱，痰多﹐中焦濕蘊，一般忌用熟地。
副作用包括腹痛，眩暈，無力，心律不整。
[1]Am J Chin Med. 2011;39(6):1173-91.
When di huang has been just prepared by drying, it is called sheng di huang. Sheng means raw.
When di huang has been prepared by steaming together with other herbs, it is called shu di huang. Shu means cooked.
(by Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

zhu ye 竹葉

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名: Herba Lophatheri Gracilis
Latin botanical name 拉丁學名: Lophatherum gracile Brongn. Var. elatum Hack.
Common Name 英文名: bamboo leaves
Other Names 別名：dan zhu ye 淡竹葉，zhu ye juan xin 竹葉卷心。
(root is called sui gu zi)
Distribution: Zhejiang, Jiangsu,Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guanxi, Anhui, Fujian, and most part of Asia
Properties (characteristics) 性味 ﹕
sweet, bland, cold, and slightly bitter and non-toxic
味甘、淡，性微寒。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經 :
heart, small intestine, stomach
心﹐小腸﹐胃。
Actions & Indications 主治 :
eliminate irritability and clears heat . For mouth sores  and inflamed gums due to heat and in heart and stomach channels. Clears damp heat and promotes urination. For unable to sleep due to heat irritation.
熱病煩渴，發熱不退，口舌生瘡，牙齦腫痛，小便澀 痛，尿路感染，熱病小便短赤，外感風熱，熱淋。
Medical Function 藥 理 :
1. diuretic effect
2. lower fever
1. 利尿作用
2. 退燒作用
Chemical ingredients 化學成份:
contains triterpenoids: arundoin, cylindrin, taraxerol and friendlin.
本品含三帖類化合物 (Triterpenoids) 之蘆行素 ( Arundoin)，印白芳素 (Cylindrin)，蒲公英賽醇 (Taraxerol)，無羈 (Friendlin)。
Dosage per day 每日用量:
9 ~ 18 g per day
9 ~ 18 克。
Samples of formulae 處方舉例:
(1) Gum infection:  yin hua detoxifying  tea
    jin yin hua 9 g, zhu ye 9 g, xuan shen 9 g, lian qiao 9 g, sheng gan cao 4.5 g, boil with water to make tea.
    In case of bleeding, add sheng di, mao gen; forming of puss, add zao jiao, chao shan jia.
(2) Influenza or cold:yin qiao san
(3) Enlarged Prostate: herb treatment
1. 牙周感染發炎﹕銀花解毒散
2. 傷風感冒﹕銀翹散
3. 前列腺增大：通閉湯
Caution 禁忌﹕
Do not use in patients with yangxu (yang deficient) or during  pregnancy.
性寒。故陽虛體寒者或懷孕期間勿用。
(by Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

Formula 30 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain

Formula 30 for Benign Neoplasm of Brain/ December 30, 2013

Composition:
天麻鉤藤飲 tian ma gou teng yin 4.5g
溫膽湯 wen dan tang 2g
濟生腎氣丸 ji sheng shen qi wan 2.5g
天麻粉 tian ma powder 2g
肉桂粉 rou gui powder 0.3g
火麻仁 huo ma ren 1.2g
附子(焙) fu zi(bei) 0.3g
枳殼 zhi ke 0.8g
芍藥(白) shao yao(bai) 1g
蔓荊子 man jing zi 1.5g
鬱金 yu jin 1.2g

ji sheng shen qi wan 濟生腎氣丸

Name of Formula: ji sheng shen qi wan
藥方名：濟生腎氣丸
Application: shenyangxu (kidney yang deficient) with chronic nephritis and/or edema, edema caused by  malnutrition, diabetes with  shenyangxu (kidney yang deficient) condition, beri-beri, hydruria (diabetes insipidus), proteinuria, sexual neurasthenia.
主治：適用於腎陽虛不足而有水腫，或營養不良性水腫，腎功能障礙者，以蛋白尿，
慢性腎炎，虛性水腫，糖尿病而有腎陽虚症狀者，腳氣腫，尿崩症，性神經衰弱。
Composition: shu di huang 240 g, shan yao 120 g, shan zhu yu 120 g, ze xie 90 g,
fu ling 180 g, dan pi 90 g, gui zhi 30 g, fu zi 30 g. niu xi 60 g, che qian zi 60 g;
or in that proportion.
Grind the above herbs into fine powder and make into pills with appropriate amount of cooked and condensed honey.
Per day dosage: 34 g.
組 成：生地 黃 8  份﹐山 茱 萸  4 份﹐山 藥 4 份﹐澤 瀉 3 份﹐茯 苓 6 份﹐
丹皮 3 份﹐桂 枝 1 份﹐ 附 子  1 份，牛膝  2 份，車前子 2 份。
各藥研细末。煉蜜為丸。每日服34克。

本方出自濟生方。乃由金匱腎氣丸加上牛膝  ，車前子而成，能溫補腎，並補肝之陰。
加减：
腎虛遺尿加覆盆子，桑螵蛸方腎虛陽痿加淫羊藿，枸杞。
腎虛哮喘加五味子，蛤蚧。
腎臟性水腫加五皮飲。
(by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

yu jin 鬱金

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕
Rhizoma Curcumae domesticae
Tuber Curcumae domesticae
Biological name 拉丁學名﹕
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (yu jin 鬱金 )
Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling (温鬱金)
Common Name 常用英文名﹕
curcuma (yu jin), wild turmeric.
Distribution 產地分佈﹕
Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fukien, Guizhou, and Taiwan provinces of China.
四川，廣東，廣西，雲南，福建，貴州，台灣。
Properties (characteristics) 性 味﹕
yu jin: acrid, bitter, cool.
鬱金：辛，苦，性凉。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕
yu jin: heart, liver, gall bladder
鬱金：心，肝，膽。
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
Improves circulation of blood and qi, promotes flow of menses and relieves pain. For wind chill induced shoulder pain, mood fluctuations, schizophrenia, fever with dizziness, vomiting blood, nose bleeding, blood in urine, bleeding not during menses, jaundice, lower back pain, chest and abdomen pain caused by blood stasis, flatulence, pain during period of menses, injuries, bruises and swelling. gallbladder stones,  pain in the rib area.
行氣破瘀， 通經止痛。主治風寒肩臂， 腰背疼痛， 血滞胸腹脹痛， 失心癫狂， 熱病神昏， 吐血 ， 衄血， 尿血， 血淋， 婦女倒經， 黄疸，痛 經，跌打損傷， 瘀血腫，腫痛，膽結石，各種胸腹脅肋痛 。
Medical Function 藥理﹕
1. lowers blood lipids
2. anti coagulation of platelets
3. protects cardiac muscle from lack of oxygen
4. protects liver from toxin
5. against hepatitis virus replica
6. promotes secretion of bile
7. promotes flow of menses and relieves pain
8. anti tumor [enhances fibrinolysis (the process that breaks down fibrin (fibrous proteins), such as those that protect tumors from the immune system) ]
9. anti inflammatory
10. anti-oxidation
11. promotes metabolism of alcohol
12. antibiotic
13. antivirus
14. helps intestinal peristalsis (intestinal movements that help evacuation)
1. 降血脂作用
2. 抑制血小板聚集和抗血拴形成
3. 保護心肌缺血性損傷
4. 保肝作用
5. 抑制 B 乙型肝炎病毒之複製
6. 利胆作用
7. 通經止痛
8. 抗腫瘤
9. 抗炎作用
10. 抗氧化作用
11. 促進酒精代謝
12. 抗病原微生物,
13. 抗病毒
14. 帮助腸蠕動以助排空
Chemical ingredients 化學成份﹕
curcumin 0.3--0.5% / 薑黄素 0.3--0.5%
demethoxycurcumin 0.01--0.02% / 去甲氧基薑黄素 0.01--0.02%
bisdemethoxycurcumin 0.005--0.015% / 去二甲氧基薑黄素0.005--0.015% 
starch (30-40%) / 澱粉(30-40%)
borneol / 龍腦
zingberene / 薑烯
Arabic gum / 阿拉伯膠
glucose / 葡萄糖
fructose / 果糖
curcumol / 莪朮醇
fat / 脂肪油
zingiberen (C15H24) / 薑烯 (C15H24)
phellandrene / 水芹烯
eucalyptol / 按油精
Dosage per day 每日劑量﹕
3 ~ 9 g
3 ~ 9 克。
Samples of formulae 處方舉例：
~ping xiao san 平消散~
~bu jin wan 補金丸~
Today's Application 現代應用﹕
high lipids/
angina pectoris/
rheumatoid arthritis/
inflammation after surgery/
periodontitis/
tumor/
acid dyspepsia/
flatulent dyspepsia/
atonic dyspepsia/
shingles/herpes zoster/
herpes simplex/
hepatitis caused by viral infection/
cerebral embolism/
coronary atherosclerosis/
for inhibiting building up of b-amyloid/
高血脂症，心绞痛狹心症 ，風濕性關節炎，術後炎症，牙周炎， 腫瘤，胃酸過多，胃脹，胃施鬆，带狀疱疹，單純性一般疱疹, 病毒性肝炎, 腦栓塞, 冠狀動脈粥樣硬化，防止 b-類 澱粉蛋白之 形成。
Cautions 禁忌：
Not to use in case of yin deficient with losing blood and those without qi stagnation and  blood stasis
陰虛失血及無氣滯血淤者忌服，孕婦慎服。
Note 註 ﹕
see the differentiation of jiang huang, yu jin and e zhu., shu gu jiang huang.
參考姜黄，鬱金，莪术 ，束 骨薑黃之 分別。
(by: Joe Hing kwok Chu)

zhi shi 枳 實，zhi ke 枳殼，Jie shi 桔實

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名：
Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii (zhi shi 枳實)
Fructus Citri Aurantii (zhi ke 枳殼)
Biological name 拉丁植物學名：
1. Citrus aurantium L. （枳）
2. Citrus wilsonii Tanaka  （香櫞）
3. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rafin.  （枳）
4. Citrus trifoliata L.  （枳）
5. Aegle sepiaria DC  （枳）
Other Names 別名：
zhi ke 只殼，ju 據，ju ju 枸橘，zhi 枳,  ye cheng zi 野橙子;  chou ju 臭橘, tang ju 唐橘;  tie li zhai 鐵籬寨
Distribution 分 佈：
Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou
江西，四川，湖北，貴州。
Properties (characteristics) 性味；
bitter, sour, acrid, slightly cold, non-toxic.
苦﹐ 酸﹐辛 ﹐微寒無毒。
Channels  entered 歸經:
zhi shi enters spleen, stomach, and large intestine
channels.
zhi ke enters stomach, and large intestine channels.
枳 實入脾﹐胃﹐大腸三經。
枳 殼入脾﹐胃﹐ 二 經。
Actions & Indications:
1. Indigestion due to low function;  bloating in chest, abdomen and solar plexus area;
2. constipation;
3. diarrhea but difficult to expel, focal distention;
4. fullness in the chest;
5. cough with abundance of phlegm;
6. prolapse of stomach, uterus and rectum.
1. 氣滯食積﹐胸腹﹐脘腹脹滿﹐
2. 大便秘結﹐
3. 瀉痢不暢﹐裏急後重﹐
4. 胸痹結胸﹐
5. 痰多咳嗽﹐風痰眩暈﹐痰濕內阻﹐寒凝氣滯﹐
6. 胃下垂﹐陰挺脫肛﹐子宮脫垂。
Medical Function 藥理﹕
1. Raise blood pressure
2. Improve the strength of contraction and tension of the uterus.
3. Diuretics
4. Stimulate the smooth muscle of the digestive tract.
1. 升血壓作用
2. 能使子宮收縮有力，提高緊張性
3. 利尿
4. 對胃腸平滑肌有興奮作用
Chemical ingredients:
酸橙果皮含橙皮甙 (Hesperidin)﹐新橙皮甙 (Neohesperidin)，川陳皮素(Nobiletin)﹐5-鄰-去甲基川陳皮素 (5-0 -desmethyl nobiletin)，喹諾啉(Quinoline)﹐那可汀(Narcotine)﹐去甲腎上腺素 (Noradrenaline)﹐色胺(Tryptamine)﹐酪胺 (Tyramine), 辛弗林（對羥福林Synephrine), N -甲基酪胺 (N-methyltyramine)。
Dosage:
Usual dosage is 3 to 10 g. Large dosage can be up to 15 g.
常用量3～10克，大劑量可用至15克。
Samples of formulae:
~chai hu shu gan tang 柴胡舒肝湯~
zhi shi da huang tang ( Jing Yue Xin Fang):
Application: for edema in ankles and feet.
composition:
qiang huo, 6 g. dang gui 4 g. zhi shi 2 g. da huang 12 g (prepared with wine)
Boil with 600 c.c. of water and render down to 400 c.c. Drink while the stomach is empty.
Stop using when the bowel movements return to normal.
Adjustment to the formula:
If stomachache is acute: add guang mu xiang 6 g
~da cheng qi tang (Shang Han Lun)~
Application:
for constipation with sensitive abdomen area
dislike of applied pressure, fever with not chills,
hallucination, dry and yellow tongue, sweating,
strong and deep pulse, heat in all three warmers.
composition:
da huang 16g, hou po 3g, zhi shi 8g, mang xiao 6g.
~枳實大黃湯 (景岳新方)~
治濕滯腳氣﹕
羌活, 6 克. 當 歸 4 克. 枳實 2 克. 大黃酒煨 12 克.
水一鍾半,
煎八分. 食前空心溫服, 以利為度. ( 錢=3.75 克)
~大承氣湯(傷寒論)~
主治﹕峻下熱結
組成﹕大黃 16 g﹐厚朴 3 g﹐枳實 8 g﹐芒硝 6 g.
Modern Application:
being used in shocks.
用於休克
Cautions:
do not use in case of qi deficiency,
spleen and stomach deficiency (weak digestion ), or in enlarged prostate.
or during pregnancy.
According to the Whole Nation of Japan Farmers' Federation, the five kinds of Chinese herb being sold in the market, chen pi, su ye, da zao, jie shi﹐shan zhu yu have been tested and showed they contain farm chemical residues. Although there is a suspicion of conflict of interest but the creditability is high. It is better to soak the herb in water and wash it thoroughly before use.
日本農民運動全國聯合會報告目前日本市場上流通銷售的陳 皮、蘇葉﹐大棗﹐桔實﹐山茱萸五種中藥藥材被檢驗出有六種農藥殘留﹔並以陳皮含量最高。雖然報告單位可能被懷疑有利益衝突﹐可信性相當高。使用時最好先用水浸洗乾淨。
氣虛，脾胃虛弱或在懷孕期間或前列腺肥大者慎服。
Note: Synephrine can stimulate  b 1, b 2,  b 3, a1 receptors and increase blood pressure.
註: 辛弗林（對羟福林 Synephrine) 能刺激 b 1, b 2,  b 3, a1 感受器官,  而增高血壓。
(by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu)

ma ren (huo ma ren) 麻仁，火麻仁

Pharmaceutical name 英文藥名﹕semen cannabis sativae
Botanical name 學名﹕Cannabis sativa L.
Other Names 別名﹕ma zi ren 麻子仁，da ma zi 大麻子，da ma ren 大麻仁，dong ma ren 冬麻子，huo ma ren 火麻子。
Common Name 外文名﹕ganja seed, marijuana seed, hemp seed.
Distribution 產地﹕
Mainly in Heilongjiang,  Liaoning, Jilin, Sichuan, Gansu, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces of China.
主產黑龍江，遼寧，吉林，四川，甘肅，雲南，江蘇，浙江。
Properties (characteristics) 性味﹕
sweet, neutral.
甘，平。
Channels (meridians) entered 歸經﹕
spleen, stomach, large intestine.
脾，胃， 大腸
Medical functions 藥理﹕
1. Effect on cardiovascular system;after removing alcohol from the alcohol tincture of ma ren and applied to anesthetized cats' duodenum at 2g/kg. After half an hour the blood pressure began to drop slowly , about 2 hours or so it dropped down to half the original level. The heart rate and breathing did not show significant changes . Normal rats fed 2g and 10g/kg, the blood pressure also significantly reduced. Hypertensive patients taking ma ren for 5-6 weeks , their blood pressure also decreased,with no adverse reactions. It is the same in domestic production (of China) is the same with the Indian ma ren (hemp seed) varieties, physiological effects are also similar.
2. To induce intestinal purging: ma ren can stimulate the intestinal mucosa to increase secretion, and speeding up motility; thus reduce the function of large intestine to absorb moisture , so it has purgative effect. Intragastric administration of ma ren capsule 4,8 g / kg and ma ren 4g/kg and observed 12 hours. It showed a laxative effect in mice , the former is stronger ; ma ren capsules ( 1:1,1:0.5 ) , ma ren pill ( 1:1 ) each 0.1ml injection to toad intestinal segments. In 90 minutes of observation, it showed there was an effect of increase of the intestinal contents.
3. Effect on serum cholesterol: in an experiment, using 20 adult rats, weighing 190-240g, male and female , each 10 , male and female, based on body weight and serum cholesterol levels were randomly divided into a control group and the experimental group. The control group were fed a high-fat diet , the experimental group were fed with feed containing 10% of dry ma ren. The results showed ma ren can significantly prevent serum cholesterol elevation. In the four weeks experimental period, the serum cholesterol level was relatively stable during the period of 4 weeks. During the 3rd and 4th week the cholesterol levels were significantly lower than the control group , 4 weeks (P <0.05)
1.對心血管系統的作用 大麻仁酊劑去酒精作成乳劑應用，麻醉貓十二指腸內給2g／kg，半小時后血壓開始緩緩下降，2小時后約降至原水平一半左右，心率及呼吸未見顯著變化。正常大鼠灌服2及10g/kg，血壓亦有顯著降低。高血壓患者服5-6周，血壓亦可降低，且無不良反應。國產火麻仁品種與印度產的相同，生理效用也相仿。
2.致瀉 火麻仁能刺激腸粘膜，使分泌增加，蠕動加快，並減少大腸吸收水分，故有瀉下作用。麻仁膠囊4、8g/kg和麻仁丸4g/kg灌胃，觀察12小時，對小鼠均有通便作用，前者作用較強；麻仁膠囊(1：1，1：0.5)、麻仁丸(1：1)各0.1ml注入蟾蜍小腸段，90分鐘的觀察，均有增加腸內容物的作用。
3.對血清膽固醇的影響 實驗取成年大白鼠20隻，體重190-240g，雌雄各半，每組10隻，雌雄各半，根據體重及血清膽固醇濃度分為隨機對照組及實驗組，對照組飼以高脂飼料，實驗組在高脂飼料中加火麻仁干樣品10%。結果表明，火麻仁有明顯阻止大鼠血清膽固醇升高的作用，在實驗期內，4星期的血清膽固醇水平比較穩定，第3、4星期顯著低於對照組(P<0.05)
Actions & Indications 主治﹕
being used in treatment of constipation, acute infection of urinary tract, rheumatoid arthritis, diarrhea, irregular menses, scabies, stroke with sweating, postpartum sweating, short and dark urine, boils of face and head of little children.
治腸燥便秘，熱淋 (急性泌尿系 感染)，風濕痺痛，痢疾，月經不調，疥癬，中風汗出，產後多汗，小便短 赤 ，小兒頭面瘡等。
Dosage 用量﹕
9 to 15 g in decoction.
煎湯：9-15 克
Samples of formulae 處方舉例﹕
Name of Formula: Ma Rn Wan
Application: promoting bowel movements, being used in constipation due to dryness in bowels.
Composition: ma ren  200 g， ku xin ren 100 g， da huang200 g， jie shi（sitr fry）200 g， hou po（prepare with ginger）100 g， bai shao（stir fry）200 g
藥方名：麻仁丸 《中國藥典》
功能主治： 潤腸通便。用於腸燥便秘。
處方： 火麻仁  200 克， 苦杏仁100 克， 大黃200 克， 桔實（炒）200 克， 厚樸（姜制）100 克， 白芍（炒）200 克。
炮制： 上六味，除火麻仁、苦杏仁外，其餘大黃等四味粉碎成細粉，再與火麻仁、苦杏仁摻研成細粉，過篩，混勻。每100 克，粉末用煉蜜30～40 克加適量的水泛丸，乾燥，制成水蜜丸；或加煉蜜90～110 克，制成小蜜丸或大蜜丸，即得。
規格： 大蜜丸每丸重9 克。
用法用量： 口服，水蜜丸一次6 克，小蜜丸一次9 克，大蜜丸一次1丸，一日1～2次。
Toxicity & Cautions 毒素與禁忌﹕
Over eating can damage circulation and cause impotence.[1]. Not to use in cases of loose bowels.
60 to 120 g is the toxic level. There are clinical reports that toxic reaction in overdose had caused nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness in the limbs, antsy and anxiety, confusion, wild movements, rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, stupor, and coma.
Not to use with mu li, bai wei, fu ling to avoid lowering the effectiveness of ma ren.
多食損血脈，滑精氣，痿陽事。【1】
腸滑者忌服
60～120克為火麻仁的中毒劑量。臨床報道有人在服用了大量的火麻仁後中毒，表現為惡心，嘔吐，腹瀉，四肢發麻，煩燥不安，精神錯亂，手 舞足蹈，脈搏增速，瞳孔散大，昏睡，昏迷等。因此在用藥時一定要注意控制劑量。
惡茯 苓一 味，畏牡 蠣，白 薇。 【2】
ps:
【1】簡誤：陳士良
【2】本草蒙簽
(by Joe Hing kwok Chu)